In this study, considering the normal ingredients in guinea pig's milk, by using cow milk, mixture of vitamins and minerals, a milk substitute was prepared and sterilized by autoclaving and filtration methods. In food analysis of produced milk, the important substances values, such as protein, fat and ash, were suitable. Milk substitute was fed to four groups of newborn's guinea pigs that were ...

BACKGROUND The decision to start long-term tube-feeding in elderly people is complex. The process by which such decisions are made is not well understood. The authors examined the factors involved in the decision to start long-term tube-feeding in cognitively impaired older people from the perspective of the substitute decision-maker. METHODS A telephone survey was administered to the substit...

Substitute valuations (in some contexts called gross substitute valuations) are prominent in combinatorial auction theory. An algorithm is given in this paper for generating a substitute valuation through Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the geometry of the set of all substitute valuations for a fixed number of goods K is investigated. The set consists of a union of polyhedrons, and the max...