Linden, M. and Leppänen, J. (Department of Business and Economics, University of Joensuu, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland, and Finnish Forest Research Institute, Unioninkatu 40 A, FI-00170 Helsinki, Finland). Effects of public financed aid on private forest investments: some evidence from Finland, 1963 /2000. Received Oct. 17, 2003. Accepted Sep. 2, 2003. Scand. J. For....

We examine the impact of recent state-level Medicaid policy changes that expanded eligibility for family planning services to higher-income women and to Medicaid clients whose benefits would expire otherwise. We show that the income-based policy change reduced overall births to non-teens by about 2% and to teens by over 4%; estimates suggest a decline of 9% among newly eligible women. The reduc...

The Bayh-Dole Act allows universities to commercialize their research. University laboratories therefore have two sources of funds: direct grants from the government and funds from commercialization. In addition to giving direct subsidies to university laboratories, the government also subsidizes the commercial sector, for example, through tax credits. Subsidies to commerce contribute indirectl...

Malaria kills over a million people each year. The loss of chloroquine due to the spread of parasite resistance is largely responsible for the resurgence of malaria. A new class of antimalarial drugs called artemisinins are available, but are unaffordable to most people in malaria-endemic countries and may quickly face the same fate as chloroquine unless they are combined with a partner drug. S...

The policy of increasing the price Subsidized Fuel Oil (subsidized fuel) will have animpact on community, both directly and indirectly. For society, increase insubsidized fuel increases transportation expenditures, indirectly throughincreases in goods services. companies, especially inland transportationcompanies, it has an impact operating expenses can reduce revenue. This research isan event ...