Citizenship is a powerful concept in public discourse, often regarded as tool for promoting inclusion and racial equality. But citizenship has important limitations vehicle achieving egalitarian aspirations. As scholars have noted, an exclusionary logic, gradations of are inevitable. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, it served only weak antidote disadvantage based on race. Moreover, not alwa...

Let K(α), 0≤α< 1, denote the class of functions g(z)= z+∑∞n=2anzn which are regular and univalently convex of order α in the unit disc U . Pursuing the problem initiated by Robinson in the present paper, among other things, we prove that if f is regular in U , f(0) = 0, and f(z)+zf ′(z) < g(z)+zg′(z) in U , then (i) f(z) < g(z) at least in |z| < r0, r0 = √ 5/3 = 0.745 . . . if f ∈ K; and (ii) f...