To examine the electrocardiographic response to exercise in an older population, 280 participants in a longitudinal study of cerebrovascular disease were tested. Subjects were randomly selected from the total 50 to 69-year-old population of Birmingham, Alabama. Approximately 60% of the participants reached a heart rate more than 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Subjects were divided i...

Accurate assessments of aerobic capacity are essential to ensuring the health and well-being of firefighters, given their arduous and stressful working conditions. The use of a submaximal protocol, if proven accurate, addresses concerns such as administrative cost, time, and ease of test performance. The purposes of this study were to develop and validate graded submaximal and maximal stairmill...

In a randomized, double-blind crossover design, we investigated the effect of the beta2-agonist terbutaline (TER) on endurance performance and substrate utilization in nine moderately trained men [maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O(2 max)) 58.9 ± 3.1 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1)]. Subjects performed 60 min of submaximal exercise (65-70% of V̇O(2 max)) immediately followed by a 300-kcal time trial with inhalation of...

The purpose of this paper is to present and investigate a new class topological spaces known as Sw*-regular spaces, by utilizing the concept Sw-regular sets some its properties. which introduced in 2009 L. S. Abddullah A. B. Khalaf [1], properly contained S*- regular space [2], [3], means that Sw*- stronger form regular. Several characterizations, properties relationships with other such as, Sw...

Heart Rates at Equivalent Submaximal Levels of VO2 Do Not Differ Between Deep Water Running and Treadmill Running Mercer, John A.; Jensen, Randall L. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 12(3):161-165, August 1998. Objective: To compare submaximal heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) during deep water running (DWR) and treadmill running (TMR). Results: There were no significant ...

With the increased use of oxygen consumption measurements in clinical and sporting studies, measurement variability has become more important to both the paediatric clinician and the sports scientist. In this study we assessed the reproducibility of cardiorespiratory measurements during submaximal and maximal running in children. Ten healthy, physically active boys (mean(s.d.) age 10.7(0.71) ye...

Background: Tobacco contains carcinogens such as NNK (nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone) that makes induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of IL-10 expression. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in resting levels of IL-10 in lung tissues of rats exposed to NNK after a 12-week aerobic submaximal swimming training. Methods: For this purpose, 46 Wistar rats were rand...