Abstract In this paper, we will present an analysis of the Oswald example (‘If did not shot Kennedy, then somebody else did’/‘If had would have’) that takes a closer look at antecedents minimal pair. We argue diverging foci in result different truth conditions conditionals, explaining difference values between two sentences. Although explanation incorporate aspects Stalnaker’s theory it go beyo...

Abstract The present study investigated the second language processing of grammatical mood in Spanish. Eye-movement data from a group advanced proficiency users revealed nativelike with irregular verb stimuli but not regular stimuli. A comparison native speakers showed expected effect both types stimuli, these were slightly more robust verbs than verbs. We propose that role form regularity was ...

In this paper, we study the subjunctive relative clause as a means to understand the relation between (non)veridicality, existence and event actualization. I argue that the subjunctive in the relative clause carries a presupposition of epistemic uncertainty as to the existence of a referent for the modified NP. This uncertainty can only be satisfied in non-veridical contexts, hence the distribu...

Saint Anselm of Canterbury offered several arguments for the existence of God. We examine the famous ontological argument in Proslogium ii. Many recent authors have interpreted this argument as a modal one.1 But we believe that Jonathan Barnes has argued persuasively that Anselm’s argument is not modal.2 Even if one were to construe the word ‘can’ in the definite description ‘that than which no...

In this paper, I offer a unified semantic analysis of subjunctive conditionals that purports to account for their truth and felicity-conditions. The proposal is centered on the claim that the temporal morphology that occurs in subjunctive conditionals in several genetically unrelated languages plays an essential role in the composition of their meaning. I will argue for a time-dependent notion ...

It is commonly thought that agents lack the standing to blame in cases where their would be hypocritical. Jack for instance, seem Gerald being rude local barista if he has himself been baristas past. Recently, it suggested need not even have displayed any such rudeness order his qualify as hypocritical; suffice too barista, were Gerald’s situation. The latter an instance of subjunctive hypocrit...

Proto-Indo-European had two sentential negation markers, *m , used in prohibitions (negative commands) and *ne/n , used in other sentence-types (e.g. indicative mood statements, subjunctive clauses, etc.). A survey of the reflexes of *m across the family reveals other functions for it, e.g. word-formation, elliptical negation, etc. Interestingly, one function, independent occurrence as a one-wo...