Treatment of AR requires a stepwise approach depending on the severity and duration of symptoms. Treatment options for AR consist of allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. For the mechanisms of AR, anti-IgE antibody and specific antibody to cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-5 that correlate with allergic inflammation have recently emerged. SLIT is currently widely used due t...

Allergic eye disease or ocular allergy is a debilitating condition with significant impact on quality of life and productivity. As atopy continues to be the rise, primary care providers are likely encounter increasing numbers patients allergic disease. This review outlines classification pathophysiology its clinical presentation. paper does not detail traditional first?line therapies but descri...

BACKGROUND Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the practice of administering gradually increasing quantities of an allergen extract to an allergic subject to ameliorate the symptoms associated with the subsequent exposure to the causative allergen. It is the only treatment that may alter the natural course of allergic diseases. According to AIT guidelines and summary of product characteristics (SmP...

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has shown to be an effective treatment for the management of some IgE-mediated allergies. However, due to its long duration, a high number of patients withdraw from it before completion. OBJECTIVE Explore if allowing patients to select the route of immunotherapy, educational sessions and strict follow-up could improve treatment compliance. METHODS Patients consultin...

Background The basophil activation test (BAT) is a promising tool for monitoring allergen-specific immunotherapy responses. Objective We aimed to investigate the changes in basophil activation in response to the inhalant allergens of house dust mite (HDM) and mugwort pollen during immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods We enrolled patients with allergic rhinitis who were ...

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the practice of administering gradually increasing doses of the specific causative allergen to reduce the clinical reactivity of allergic subjects. A bulk of literature demonstrates that AIT is an effective and safe treatment to reduce allergic symptoms and the use of drugs. The preventive capacity of AIT is less investigated. The studies thus far available showe...

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been used in the treatment of allergic disease for nearly 30 years and is prescribed at least as frequently as subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Several large U.S. clinical trials using single allergen tablets (grass and ragweed) or extract solution (ragweed) have met their primary clinical efficacy outcome. In December, 2013 the Federal Drug Administration ...

Allergen immunotherapy is allergen-specific, allergen dose- and time-dependent and is associated with long-term clinical and immunological tolerance that persists for years after discontinuation. Successful immunotherapy is accompanied by the suppression of numbers of T-helper 2 (Th2) effector cells, eosinophils, basophils, c-kit+mast cells and neutrophils infiltration in target organs, inducti...

Allergic respiratory disease represents a significant and expanding health problem worldwide. Allergic symptoms, such as asthma and hay fever, cause sleep impairment and reduce school and work performance. The cost to society is substantial. Allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy cannot control the disease. Only allergy immunotherapy has disease-modifying potential and should be included in opt...