F. Bandeira et al. (eds.), Endocrinology and Diabetes: A Problem-Oriented Approach, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8684-8_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 The term thyrotoxicosis applies to a clinical condition resulting from increased thyroid hormone action. It can result from excess thyroid hormone synthesis followed by release for which the term hyperthyroidism is applicable. Thyro...

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis secondary to subclinical hyperthyroidism is an uncommon clinical phenomenon characterised by lower limb hypokalaemia in the background of hyperthyroidism. In this article, we report a patient who presented with progressive muscle weakness that was refractory potassium replacement therapy. He has no diarrhoea, reduced appetite and not taking any medication can cau...

Subclinical thyroid disease is a biochemical diagnosis and is common during pregnancy. Because of the physiological hormonal changes that take place during pregnancy and the absence of normal ranges for thyroid hormones during this period, subclinical thyroid disease is difficult to interpret during pregnancy. Subclinical hyperthyroidism during pregnancy has few clinical consequences and no tre...

background: pregnancy has a huge impact on the thyroid function in both healthy women and those that have thyroid dysfunction. the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women is relatively high. objective: the objective of this review was to increase awareness and to provide a review on adverse effect of thyroid dysfunction including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmun...

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac complication of hyperthyroidism. The influence of the time of cardioversion on hyperthyroidism-induced AF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes of early electrical cardioversion for AF in hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-seven subjects with persistent AF (duration, ...

Thyroid hormones have a significant impact on heart function, mediated by genomic and non-genomic effects. Consequently, thyroid hormone deficiencies, as well as excesses, are expected to result in profound changes in cardiac function regulation and cardiovascular hemodynamics. Thyroid hormones upregulate the expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-activated ATPase and downregulate the...