Observations of the poleward heat transport of the earth (H ) suggest that the atmosphere is the primary transporting agent poleward of 30°, that oceanic (HO) and atmospheric (HA) contributions are comparable in the tropical belt, and that ocean transport dominates in the deep Tropics. To study the partition we express the ratio HA/HO as

[1] Several recent studies have shown evidence for a widening of the tropical belt over the past few decades. One line of evidence uses statistics of the tropopause height to distinguish between tropics and extratropics and defines tropical edge latitudes as those latitudes at which the number of days per year with tropopause heights greater than 15 km exceeds a certain threshold (typically 200...

Mangrove forests are distributed in the inter-tidal region between sea and land tropical subtropical regions of world largely 30° N S latitude [...]

[1] On the basis of a broad compilation of data on pCO2 in surface waters, we show tropical lakes to be, on average, far more supersaturated and variable in CO2 (geometric mean ± SE pCO2 = 1804 ± 35 matm) than temperate lakes (1070 ± 6 matm). There was a significant negative relationship between pCO2 and latitude, resulting in an average decrease of pCO2 by 2.8 ± 0.5% per degree latitude. In ad...

UNLABELLED It has long been accepted that most vertebrate animals meet their vitamin D requirements from exposure of skin to UV-B (UV-B) radiation. Many factors affect this endogenous synthesis of vitamin D, including season, latitude, time of day, age, presence of hair, and degree of skin pigmentation. Most bats roost in dark places by day and forage at night, and thus have little or no potent...

1 University of Queensland, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Population Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia, 2 Centro de Investigação em Saúde em Angola, Caxito, Rua Direita do Caxito, Hospital Provincial do Bengo, Caxito, Angola, 3 Disease Control Strategy Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases...

Long-standing theory predicts that the intensity of consumer-prey interactions declines with increasing latitude, yet for plant-herbivore interactions, latitudinal changes in herbivory rates and plant palatability have received variable support. The topic is of growing interest given that lower-latitude species are moving poleward at an accelerating rate due to climate change, and predicting lo...

To understand better the annual cycles of atmospheric humidity, radiosonde data were used to create climatologies of temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and precipitable water in the lower troposphere for 56 locations around the world for the period 1973-1990. On the basis of the annual ranges of relative humidity at the surface and at the 850, 700, and 500 mbar levels and the ratio of t...

We sought to determine if the global distribution of sea anemones (cnidarian order Actiniaria) conforms to the classic pattern of biogeography--taxon richness at the equator with attenuation toward the poles--a pattern that is derived almost entirely from data on terrestrial plants and animals. We plotted the empirical distribution of species occurrences in 10° bands of latitude based on publis...

background: the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and the anthropogenic risk factors of 978 ran­domly selected primary school children from igbede community in isoko south local government area of delta state southern nigeria were evaluated. methods: subjects were screened for the presence of sth using direct smear method and kato-katz techniques. this study was c...