Because the kind of open-ended complexity explosion seen on Earth remains beyond the observed dynamics of current artificial life worlds, it has become critical to isolate and investigate specific factors that may contribute to open-endedness. This paper focuses on one such factor that has previously received little attention in research on open-endedness: the minimal criterion (MC) for reprodu...

Despite the fact that contracts are, by definition, an agreement between two or more parties, most formal studies limit themselves to contracts regulating only a single party or the parties independently of each other, without looking into how permissions, obligations or prohibitions of one party affect the other. This article deals with the analysis of what different types of permissions mean ...

The major question examined by this paper is whether suucient ne-grain parallelism can be obtained from programs written in a lazy functional language. To answer this question, we have implemented a prototype compiler based on a novel approach to strictness analysis (called abstract demand propagation) and we have compared this implementation strategy (optimized lazy) with other implementations...

Model Description • Actors: An infinite population of individuals indexed by ei, one’s ability to earn a secular income, and zi, one’s ideal level of doctrinal strictness. – ei ∼ g(e|θ), where θ captures human development and g(e|θ) satisfies the monotone likelihood ratio property (MLRP). – zi ∼ h(z|ρ), where ρ captures society’s overall preference for doctrinal strictness and h(z|ρ) satisfies ...

The major question examined by this paper is whether suucient ne-grain parallelism can be obtained from programs written in a lazy functional language. To answer this question, we have implemented a prototype compiler based on a novel approach to strictness analysis (called abstract demand propagation) and we have compared this implementation strategy (optimized lazy) with other implementations...

A theoretical model was tested in which general parenting and parental smoking predicted anti-smoking socialization, which in turn predicted adolescent smoking onset. Participants were 4351 Dutch adolescents between 13 and 15 years of age. In the model, strictness and psychological autonomy granting were related to lower likelihood of smoking onset, and parental smoking was positively related t...

A problem arises when the usual rules of fold/unfold transformation are applied in a non–strict programming system. Case analysis by instantiation may alter strictness characteristics of the function being transformed, and hence alter the behaviour of programs. Although such behavioural changes can in general be quite subtle, they are all too apparent if the program is interactive, since I/O in...

Strictness analysis has been a living field of investigation since Mycroft’s original work in 1980, and is getting increasingly significant with the still wider use of lazy functional programming languages. This paper focuses on an actual implementation of a strictness analyser for Haskell. The analyser uses abstract interpretation with chaotic fixpoint iteration. The demand-driven nature of th...