An expression plasmid (pCFA-1) carrying the cfaB gene that codes for the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) fimbrial adhesin colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) subunit was constructed and used to transform a derivative of the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium aroA vaccine strain SL3261 carrying an F'lacIq. Treatment of the transformed strain with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (...

BACKGROUND Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Thailand occur most frequently in healthcare facilities. However, reports of community-associated MRSA are limited. METHODS We characterized 14 MRSA isolates from outpatients (O-1 to O-14) by phenotypic and genotypic methods and compared them with 5 isolates from inpatients (I-1 to I-5). Thai MRSA isolates f...

background: t-2 toxin is a mycotoxin of type a trichothecenes produced by several fungal genera such as fusarium species. mycotoxins can affect both cell mediated and humoral immune compartments. objective: the purpose of this study was to investi-gate the effect of t-2 toxin on cytokine production by mouse peritoneal macrophages and lymph node t cells. methods: mouse peritoneal macrophages and...

I t was found by BiUingham and Brent (1), by Simonsen (2), and by Woodruff and Sparrow (3) that a considerable percentage of newborn mice, rats, and chicks which were treated with adult, homologous spleen cells, lymph node ceils, buffy coat leucocytes (4), or thymus ceils (4), after an initial period of apparently normal growth, became ill, exhibited a failure to grow at a normal rate, and died...

Immune mechanisms active against Brucella were studied under conditions of oxygen deficiency. B. melitensis grew in rabbit serum-Tyrode medium flooded with N(2) and CO(2) gas mixtures. Immune sera from rabbits injected with B. melitensis strain Rev I possessed growth-inhibitory activity that operated in anaerobic environments against Rev I and virulent strain 6015. When mixed with macrophages, ...

The band edges of GeI 2 /C N vdW are favourable to generate H at pH 0 9 with transition from a type-II indirect type-I direct bandgap semiconductor under tensile biaxial strain.