Size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography was used to compare the Stokes radius of the mixed disulfide of trypsinogen refolded for 10 min with the Stokes radius of denatured trypsinogen in high concentrations of urea. After folding for 10 min, rechromatography of a collection of sequential fractions of an initial separation showed that the fractions display microheterogeneity as see...

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) processes are "coherent," but the phase of the anti-Stokes radiation is lost by most incoherent spectroscopic CARS measurements. We propose a Raman microscopy imaging method called nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging, which measures Raman spectra by obtaining the temporal anti-Stokes signal through nonlinear interferometry. With a more comp...

We numerically and experimentally show the existence of multicolor vector spatial solitons in a Kerr planar waveguide through the combined effects of cross-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, and stimulated Raman scattering. Mutual spatial guiding of the Raman-Stokes, anti-Stokes, and pump waves is achieved in the high-conversion regime mainly by cross-phase modulation and phase-matched four-wa...

A domain decomposition unsteady Stokes solver has been implemented in a hybrid spectral/hp element solver. To extend the algorithm to solve the Navier-Stokes equations the non-linear terms are explicitly advanced in time and treated as a forcing function to the Stokes solver. This scheme is compared with the computa-tionally eecient high order splitting method and it is found that for polynomia...

The standard discretization of the Stokes and Navier-Stokes équations in vorticity and stream function formulation by affine finite éléments is known for its bad convergence. We present here a modified discretization, we prove that the convergence is improved and we establish a priori error estimâtes. Résumé. Il est bien connu que la discrétisation usuelle des équations de Stokes et de Navier-S...

We consider dynamics system with damping, which are obtained by some transformations from the system of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. These have similar properties to original Navier-Stokes equations the scaling invariance. Due to the presence of the damping term, conclusions are different with proving the origin of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and get some new conclusio...

The application of Krylov subspace iterative methods to unsteady three-dimensional Navier–Stokes codes on massively parallel and distributed computing environments is investigated. Previously, the Euler mode of the Navier–Stokes flow solver Transonic Unsteady Rotor Navier–Stokes (TURNS) has been coupled with a Newton–Krylov scheme which uses two Conjugate-Gradient-like (CG) iterative methods. F...

The problem considered is the Stokes and Navier-Stokes flow through a system of two pipes in the gravity field; inside a vertical pipe there is a free heavy piston. Theoretical analysis, the existence and non-uniqueness of solution, has been completed recently by the authors. Here we present numerical analysis, using finite elements methods, of the stationary state with respect to the angle bet...

Optical frequency conversion by four-wave mixing (Bragg scattering) in a fiber is considered. The evolution of this process can be modeled using the signal and idler amplitudes, which are complex, or Stokes-like parameters, which are real. The Stokes-space formalism allows one to visualize power and phase information simultaneously, and produces a simple evolution equation for the Stokes parame...