This paper introduces a parallel iterated tabu search heuristic for solving four different routing problems: the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP), the periodic VRP, the multi-depot VRP, and the site-dependent VRP. In addition, it is applicable to the time-window constrained variant of these problems. Using the iterated local search framework, the heuristic combines tabu search with a sim...

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is moderately tolerant to salinity, early vegetative stage being more sensitive salinity. In view of this, twenty pea genotypes collected from IIVR, Varanasi were screened for salt tolerance in terms physiological and biochemical traits. The experiment was conducted randomized complete block design pots filled with soil (EC 20.47 dS/m) 3 replications. Osmotic stress creat...

Recombinant human-interferon-gamma (rH-IFN-gamma) and verapamil (VRP), either alone or in combination, were evaluated in MTT assay for their modification effects on adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity against MKN-45, human stomach adenocarcinoma cells. VRP as a single agent did not inhibit the survival of MKN-45 at doses of up to 5.0 micrograms/ml. The survival of MKN-45 was inhibited by rH-IFN-gam...

We evaluated the immunogenicity of virus-like replicon particles (VRP) derived from an attenuated strain of the alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, encoding two pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium yoelii antigens, in mice. Three immunizing doses were superior to two, and the subcutaneous route was comparable to intramuscular and more immunogenic than intradermal, at doses between 5x10 5 5x...

In the paper, we investigate the crossover operators for a vehicle routing problem where only feasible solutions are taken into account. New crossover operators are proposed that are based on the common sequence in the parent solutions. Random insertion heuristic is used as a reconstruction method in a crossover operator to preserve stochastic characteristics of the genetic algorithm. The genet...

Energy consumption is a key issue in mobile ad hoc networks.To reduce the energy consumption of the network interface, it is necessary to turn it off, immediately affecting the routing protocols. Therefore, routing protocols and energy saving algorithms must be designed to work within each other. This article presents the use of energy management, using the load balance technique with single pa...

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is one of the most important combinational optimization problems that has nowadays received much attention because of its real application in industrial and service problems. The VRP involves routing a fleet of vehicles, each of them visiting a set of nodes such that every node is visited by exactly one vehicle only once. So, the objective is to minimize the to...

Editorial The VehJcJe Routing Problem (VRP) is a key to efficient transportation manageincni and supply-chain coordination. In broad terms, it deaJs with the optimal assignment of a set of transportation orders to a fleet of vehicles, and t he sequencing of stops for each vehicle. The VRP has a large number of real-life applications and comes in many guises, depending on the type of operation, ...

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an important problem in the field of logistics management. As an NP-hard problem, the VRP real world sized instances cannot be solved to optimality within reasonable times. This research aims to develop a two-stage ant colony optimization (TACO) algorithm, which possesses a two-stage solution construction rule, to solve the large scale vehicle routing proble...

Despite many years of research, a dengue vaccine is not available, and the more advanced live attenuated vaccine candidate in clinical trials requires multiple immunizations with long interdose periods and provides low protective efficacy. Here, we report important contributions to the development of a second-generation dengue vaccine. First, we demonstrate that a nonpropagating vaccine vector ...