Pure theoretical models seeking for the length of jump is extremely difficult (if not impossible). For this reason, empirical prediction equations are normally developed using statistical multiple line regression (MLR). These models may be satisfactory enough for few numbers of variables but may predict unrealistic values when many variables are involved. Fortunately, the recently developed com...

Erosion at either dam or spillway foundations, destabilization in riverbanks, and damage the natural environment located downstream of dams spillways represent crucial elements to be taken into account risk assessment hydraulic structures. One main problems is related scouring that water flow may induce boundary spillways. This issue exacerbated case undersized stilling basins, i.e., when a sig...

Migration of plant populations is a potential survival response to climate change that depends critically on seed dispersal. Biological and physical factors determine dispersal and migration of wind-dispersed species. Recent field and wind tunnel studies demonstrate biological adaptations that bias seed release toward conditions of higher wind velocity, promoting longer dispersal distances and ...

The adaptation of existing dams is paramount importance to face the challenge posed by climate change and new legal frameworks. Thus, it crucial optimize design stilling basins reduce hydraulic jump dimensions without jeopardizing energy dissipation in structure. A numerical model was developed simulate a US Bureau Reclamation Type II basin. validated with specifically designed physical then us...

Energy dissipators, such as stilling basins, are usually required at the toe of stepped chutes to achieve adequate and safe operation spillway. Stepped chute hydraulics has been extensively studied in last several decades, however, only limited knowledge is available on basin performance below chutes. In particular, effect slope remains unknown, despite being a central design issue. Therefore, ...