Often, the behavior of animals can be better explained and predicted, it seems, if we ascribe the capacity to have beliefs, intentions, and concepts to them. Whether we really can do so, however, is a debated issue. Particularly, Donald Davidson maintains that there is no basis in fact for ascribing propositional attitudes or concepts to animals. I will consider his and rival views, such as Col...

The prototype compact group known as Stephan's Quintet (SQ) was observed with XMM-Newton in order to complement the excellent resolution of Chandra with high sensitivity to extended emission. SQ is a dynamic environment whose main effect, at both X-ray and optical wavelengths, appears to be ISM stripping. This is manifested by: 1) secular evolution of morphological types towards earlier types a...

in all societies, considering the nature of physicians’ profession, regarded as one of the confident groups among other social strata as well as in the courts, physicians had very high dignity and acquired kings’ revere accordingly. however, in diplomatic relations confidence strengthens mutualties. isaac beg was one of iranian medics who arrived in the palace of stephan iii in 1474. in the afo...

Kamen G. Usunoff 1,2,4, Dimitar E. Itzev2, Stephan R. Lolov3, and Andreas Wree4                                        ...