Due to the recent droughts, the retube of Sezela evaporators was delayed for a few years, resulting in a need for a low cost carbon steel tube to retube five evaporators. A recent failure highlighted the importance of the heat treatment and expansion characteristics of these tubes. This paper discusses the failure of a carbon steel tube, the development of the heat treatment of locally manufact...

Ball mills are common grinding equipment in mineral processing industries. Ball wear results from three mechanisms namely impact, abrasion and corrosion. Of these, the corrosion mechanism is the least investigated, due to its chemical-electrochemical nature. Therefore, the aims of this research were to investigate the grinding chemistry influence (slurry pH, solid percentage, water chemistry an...

The present work focuses on the mechanochemical preparation of industrially important β-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives. Activated CDs have been reacted with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles using a planetary mill equipped with stainless steel, zirconia and glass milling tools of different sizes. It is shown that the milling frequency and the number as well as the size of the milling balls have a...

who by the time he had passed his final medical examination at the age of 40 had been a steel mill melter, a locomotive fireman, a barman, an insurance salesman, and a whisky pedlar, and also a medical student (off and on) for 18 years. After obtaining his qualification in 1948 he spent some time working at a general hospital, and this was followed by a highly successful period as a family doctor.

In this work heat flux thermography algorithms are proposed to suppress false indications that appear when testing steel billets with inductive thermography. Not only temperature amplitudes are used for evaluation but also the time dependancy of the temperature profile, different types of cooling rates and signal shape parameters. These new algorithms were tested successfully in a rolling mill....

Production of thin steel strips with 0.18-0.26 mm thickness is about 0.75 of annual production of the two stand reversing cold mill, while its efficiency is 60%. This is due to the fact that after montaging the grinded work rolls, rolling thin steel strips (with thicknesses less than 0.18 millimeters) is unavailable. Initially, unsuitable surface roughness, the friction between rolls and the st...

strip tearing during cold rolling process has always been considered among the main concerns for steel companies. several works have been done so far regarding the examination of the issue. in this paper, experimental data from cold rolling tandem mill is used for detecting strip tearing. sensors are placed across the cold rolling tandem mill. they receive information on parameters (such as ang...

It is nowadays generally accepted that controlling the tapping temperature of steel by immersion pyrometry is an important means of improving steel quality. Broadly speaking, if the steel is too hot when tapped the ingots tend to crack, and if too cool they tend to suffer from “shell” on the surface and non-metallic inclusions beneath. From this point of view it is now simply a question of esta...

The aim of the present research is to simulate the heat treatment process of the autogenous grinding (AG) shell liner of Cr-Mo steel in different quenching media (still air, air blowing, oil and water) using ABAQUS software, in order to calculate the cooling curves. In this regard, the microstructure and hardness for each arbitrary point within the mill liner's bulk could be predicted based on ...

Steel production is a complex process and finding coherent and effective schedules for the wide variety of production steps, in a dynamic environment, is a challenging task. In this paper we propose a multi-agent architecture for integrated dynamic scheduling of the hot strip mill and the continuous caster. The scheduling systems of these processes have very different objectives and constraints...