Real wages ........................................................................................................................................6 Heights and Physical Well-being......................................................................................................8 Working hours ......................................................................................................

Very few demographic surveys in developing countries have gathered information on household incomes or consumption expenditures. Researchers interested in living standards therefore have had little alternative but to rely on simple proxy indicators. The properties of these proxies have not been analyzed systematically. We ask what hypotheses can be tested using proxies, and compare these indica...

This study is conducted to investigate the impact of migration on living standards households with migrants in context Vietnam. Data were collected from results Vietnam Household Living Standards time series. Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition was employed decompose source differences income between and without migrants. The show that multiyear dataset had a higher than nonmigrant households, differe...

almost every experinced manager has been faced with the necessity of dealing with the problems of productivity in connection with wages and salaries. during the last two decades, governments, cultural centers, managers and ::::union::::s have focused their attention on productivity as an important subject and there have been many articles emphasizing the linkage between wages and productivity a...