the development of materials for language teaching has been retraced from different perspectives. for example, some have identified influences of a social view on designing course books and compiling materials for language classes. the purpose of this article is to focus on the specific case of elt material, its design and priorities in the context of iran. this article also offers a detailed a...

clinicians should be aware of new developments to familiarize themselves with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of new anticoagulant agents to appropriately and safely use them. for the moment, cardiologists and other clinicians also require to master currently available drugs, realizing the mechanism of action, side effects, and laboratory monitoring to measure their anticoag...

Recent years have witnessed a parallel and seemingly contradictory trend towards both the standardization and the customization of healthcare and medical treatment. Here, we explore what is meant by ‘standardization’ and ‘customization’ in healthcare settings and explore the implications of these changes for healthcare delivery. We frame the paradox of these divergent and opposing factors in te...

to provide the validated and standardized form of the persian version of the ages and stages questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of iranian children's development.this was a cross-sectional study. translation and back-translation, content validity determination, cultural and lingual modifications, pilot study on 100 parents and inter-rater reliability de...

to improve the quality of the mcqs, a supervising feedback strategy between the examination constructors and the educational development office of the school of traditional medicine was performed to evaluate the content validity and designation of the course items of the phytotherapy exam for phd students of traditional pharmacy. the efforts resulted in a well-constructed examination.

marketers apply a variety of approaches to attract customers and gain more profits. one method is the utilization of nostalgia marketing. the use of nostalgic sport characters has not been sufficiently studied. this research determined the reliability and validity of the questionnaires presented in the studies evoked nostalgia by pascal et al. (2002), familiarity with nostalgic character by mey...

It is predicted that mobile applications will become an integral part of our lives at the personal and professional level. Mobile Payment (MP) is a promising and exciting domain that has been rapidly developing recently, and although it can still be considered in its infancy, great hope is put on it. If MP efforts succeed, they will boost both eand m-commerce and may be the killer service in 2....