Antigen-dependent T cell activation drives the formation of signaling microclusters containing the adaptor SLP-76. Costimulatory integrins regulate SLP-76 phosphorylation and could influence SLP-76 microclusters in the integrin-rich periphery of the immune synapse. We report that costimulation by the integrin VLA-4 (alpha4beta1) required SLP-76 domains implicated in microcluster assembly. Pro-a...

the purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic effects of some macroeconomic variables: money stock, gross domestic product, consumer price index and exchange rates on determining housing price index behavior in iran using the error correction model. using seasonal data, the model is estimated by johansen-juselius cointegration approach during 1990-2007. the results reveal that all variabl...

This paper is concerned with a comparison of the treatment of fixed capital in some multisectoral models. First the dynamic Leontief model is investigated. Scrutiny shows that this model suffers from conceptual misconceptions which are due to restrictive assumptions concerning full capacity production and transferability of capital in place and due to the definition of technical coefficients. W...

Multistage Stochastic Linear Programming (SLP) suffers from scenario explosion as the number of stages or the number of stochastic parameters increases. In this case, either one solves the SLP model approximately or one solves an approximation to the SLP model. In this situation it is useful to have some cost bound in order to assess the quality of approximated solutions. In this paper we intro...

The effects of an intercountry transfer of purchasing power were first prominently discussed by Keynes (1929) and Ohlin (1929) in a debate concerning the secondary effects of such a transfer. In subsequent years several economists, including Pigou (1932), Metzler (1942), Samuelson (1952, 1954) and Johnson (1955), joined the debate. Throughout this debate, these writers all agreed that the trans...

Service Location Protocol (SLP) is a standard service discovery protocol proposed by IETF. SLP provides a flexible and scalable service discovery framework over IP networks. This paper presents an approach for service discovery and access control under session-based peer-to-peer communications. In other words, it is an approach providing mechanisms for restricting unauthorized discovery or acce...

The Leontief model, originally developed for describing an economic system in terms of mutually interrelated and structurally conditioned simultaneous flows of commodities and services, has important applications to wide ranging disciplines. A basic model assumes the linear form x = Tx+ d, where x represents the total output vector and d represents the final demand vector. The consumption matri...