a high accurate and low-voltage analog cmos current divider which operates with a single power supply voltage is designed in 0.18µm cmos standard technology. the proposed divider uses a differential amplifier and transistor in triode region in order to perform the division. the proposed divider is modeled with neural network while tlbo algorithm is used to optimize it. the proposed optimization...

The IEEE Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPON) standard is a leading Time Division Multiplex (TDM) standard for PONs. The paper investigates the operation of an EPON based system in a Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex (DWDM) environment. It extends the concept of a multi-wavelength system from being merely a stack of independent PONs to that of a stack of a switched set of PONs. The functi...

In order to further improve motion video object division detection accuracy and algorithm operating time and meet the real-time requirements, a motion video tracking algorithm based on memory watershed disc gradient expansion template is proposed in this article. According to the experiments carried out for the four standard video images, DGETMW algorithm can not only accurately detect the moti...

The next generation wireless communications systems need to be of a higher standard in order to provide high quality of services. In recent years, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been successfully used in terrestrial digital video broadcasting and showed it is a strong candidate for the modulation technique of future wireless systems. For Multiple input mutiple output orth...

This paper studies an incomplete contracting model to compare the effectiveness of alternative transfer pricing mechanisms. Transfer pricing serves the dual purpose of guiding intracompany transfers and providing incentives for upfront investments at the divisional level. When transfer prices are determined through negotiation, divisional managers will have insufficient investment incentives du...