نتایج جستجو برای: stand level
تعداد نتایج: 1112040 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Foresrry models often ignore spatial relationships between forest srands. This paper isolates the effects of stand interactions in muitlpie-use forestry through a straightforward extension of the single-stand model. Effects of stand interactions decompose into wealth and substitution effects and may cause time-varying patterns of resource use for a forest stand. Simulations illustrate that a st...
simple. dependable. proven. Abstract: The treatment of adjacent level disease subsequent to lumbar fusion often involves a particularly complex and invasive surgical procedure. This case report demonstrates that the stand-alone VariLift-L Expandable Interbody Fusion Device can provide a straight-forward and clinically successful solution for these patients. Treatment of Adjacent Level Disease w...
This paper looks at the economics of conversion and fragmentation of forest land. The forestry economics literature has generally focussed on the management of a single stand for timber and non-timber forest benefits with little attention being paid to forest level land use decisions, and in particular forest stand interactions. As noted by Bowes and Krutilla (1989), the focus on a single stand...
Several widespread changes in the ecology of old-growth tropical forests have recently been documented for the late twentieth century, in particular an increase in stem turnover (pan-tropical), and an increase in above-ground biomass (neotropical). Whether these changes are synchronous and whether changes in growth are also occurring is not known. We analysed stand-level changes within 50 long-...
Linking models of different scales (e.g., process, tree-stand-ecosystem) is essential for furthering our understanding of stand, climatic, and edaphic effects on tree growth and forest productivity. Moreover, linking existing models that differ in scale and levels of resolution quickly identifies knowledge gaps in information required to scale from one level to another, indentifies firture rese...
This study was performed to estimate stand-level volume using the characteristics of vertical and horizontal distribution of airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data. It is found that the height distributional parameters, such as percentile, of LiDAR data reflected onand in-canopy in a stand have the relationship with stand volume in previous research. However, we assumed that the nonp...
OBJECTIVE Autologous bone graft with anterior plating had been a standard method for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Drawbacks of a standard method were donor site problem and problem associated with anterior plate. The stand-alone cage was introduced to reduce such problems. However, problems associated with subsidence and local kyphosis at the index level (segmental kyphosis) ...
BACKGROUND Sitting, particularly in prolonged, unbroken bouts, is widespread within the office workplace, yet few interventions have addressed this newly-identified health risk behaviour. This paper describes the iterative development process and resulting intervention procedures for the Stand Up Australia research program focusing on a multi-component workplace intervention to reduce sitting t...
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