Steel pipes with circular cross-sections are usually used in cooling panels of electric arc furnaces. In the present study pipes with square cross-sections under equivalent conditions were used to obtain more information on the possibility of increasing the heat transfer and cooling efficiency. The results showed increased efficiency of the square pipe compared to the circular cross-section pip...

2D photonic crystal which comprises a periodic array of parallel lated dielectric constants and in [16, 20] for a periodic array rods of air of a square cross section embedded in a background of parallel dielectric rods of circular cross section whose lossless medium of higher dielectric constant. The numerical analyintersections with perpendicular planes form a triangular sis of dependence of ...

Here we illustrate the free search for the optimal geometry of flow channel cross-sections that meet two objectives simultaneously: reduced resistances to heat transfer and fluid flow. The element cross section and the wall material are fixed, while the shape of the fluid flow opening, or the wetted perimeter is free to vary. Two element cross sections are considered, square and equilateral tri...