Melanocyte growth is tightly controlled by a complex network of cell-cell communications and soluble growth factors. In situations where this delicate homeostasis is upset, the same melanocyte growth factors probably lead to the uncontrolled cell growth associated with melanoma. In this issue of the JID a paper by Stove and colleagues (2003) adds yet another member to the growing list of growth...

High-resolution satellite images (HRSI) at sub-5m footprint such as IKONOS, IRS-P5 (CartoSat-1) and SPOT-5 HRG/HRS images are becoming increasingly available to the earth observation community and their respective clients. HRSI is one of the main data sources for the Project of West China Topographic Mapping (WChTM) which has been approved by the State Council of China in year 2006. In western ...

We have previously shown that expression of heregulin (HRG) is closely correlated with breast cancer progression. We have subsequently isolated Cyr61, a ligand for the avb3 integrin that is differentially expressed in HRG-positive cells, and have shown that it is expressed in all of the invasive and metastatic breast cancer cell lines tested. Preliminary evaluation of Cyr61 expression in breast...

Extracellular free heme can intercalate into membranes and promote damage to cellular macromolecules. Thus it is likely that specific intercellular pathways exist for the directed transport, trafficking, and delivery of heme to cellular destinations, although none have been found to date. Here we show that Caenorhabditis elegans HRG-3 is required for the delivery of maternal heme to developing ...

Heregulin beta-1 (HRG) is an extracellular ligand that activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways through ErbB receptors. MAPK and Akt have been shown to phosphorylate the estrogen receptor (ER) at Ser-118 and Ser-167, respectively, thereby mimicking the effects of estrogenic activity such as estrogen responsive element (...

OBJECTIVE Neuregulins are growth factors that are essential for myogenesis and regulate muscle metabolism. The addition of a recombinant neuregulin-1 isoform, heregulin-beta1(177-244) (Hrg), containing 3 nmol/l of the bioactive epidermal growth factor-like domain, to developing L6E9 myocytes has acute and chronic effects on glucose uptake and enhances myogenesis. Here, we studied the metabolic ...

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75 kDa heparin-binding plasma protein implicated in the regulation of tumor growth and vascularization. In this study, we show that hrg mice challenged with fibrosarcoma or pancreatic carcinomas grow larger tumors with increased metastatic properties. Compared with wild type mice, fibrosarcomas in hrg mice were more hypoxic, necrotic and less perfused, ind...

The angiogenesis inhibitor histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) constitutes one of several examples of molecules regulating both angiogenesis and hemostasis. The antiangiogenic properties of HRG are mediated via its proteolytically released histidine- and proline-rich (His/Pro-rich) domain. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, we here provide biochemical evidence for ...

Alterations in the expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ErbB family are frequently encountered in a number of human cancers. Two of these receptors, ErbB3 and ErbB4, are known to bind a family of related proteins termed heregulins (HRGs) or neu differentiation factors. In biologically relevant systems, interaction of HRG with ErbB3 or ErbB4 results in the transactivation of ...

Discovering the underlying structures present in large real world graphs is a fundamental scienti€c problem. Recent work at the intersection of formal language theory and graph theory has found that a Hyperedge Replacement Grammar (HRG) can be extracted from a tree decomposition of any graph. Œis HRG can be used to generate new graphs that share properties that are similar to the original graph...