A low-cost field goniometer was constructed for multiangular reflectance measurements using a spectral radiometer. The goniometer consists of a circular base made of plywood approximately 4 m in diameter. A rotating arch carries a sled with the radiometer, which can be positioned at any angle relative to the test object at the center of the goniometer. Data from the radiometer are downloaded to...

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Water sources optimizing required a suitable irrigation program. Different material can use to increase water use efficiency. Superabsorbent is one of the materials where used in around the world. These materials put in the soil and absorb water so that reserved water is usable by plant in the time of drought stress and they can reduce stress and lead to prevent yield loss. Therefore, the exper...

In this paper, a new video summarization approach for lawn tennis video is presented. The proposed method uses frame color histogram to classify video into play field color shots (PFCS) and non play field color shots (NPFCS). Play field color shots are the segments of interest and used to recognize the tournament class. A dominant colored frame from every PFCS is extracted as a salient frame. O...

BACKGROUND Pesticide use on urban lawns and gardens contributes to environmental contamination and human exposure. Municipal policies to restrict use and educate households on viable alternatives deserve study. We describe the development and implementation of a cosmetic/non-essential pesticide bylaw by a municipal health department in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and assess changes in resident pra...

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is present in soils and composts, where it can encounter a variety of microorganisms. Some bacteria in these rich environments are innocuous food sources for C. elegans, whereas others are pathogens. Under laboratory conditions, C. elegans will avoid certain pathogens, such as Serratia marcescens, by exiting a bacterial lawn a few hours after entering it. By ...

The benefits of rooftop greening are ascertained in thermal perspective. It effectively reduces the near surface ambient temperature and the reflected irradiation from the rooftop slab, thus increasing the thermal comfort environment above the lawn and reduces the heat transferred through the rooftop slab. The former effect enables the potential usage of the rooftop spaces for human activity an...