MicroRNA (miRNA) sponges are RNA transcripts containing multiple high-affinity binding sites that associate with and sequester specific miRNAs to prevent them from interacting with their target messenger (m)RNAs. Due to the high specificity of miRNA sponges and strong inhibition of target miRNAs, these molecules have become increasingly applied in miRNA loss-of-function studies. However, improp...

Chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge (CTSH sponge), a new biomedical material, was extensively studied for its beneficial biological properties of hemostasis and stimulation of healing. However, studies examining the safety of CTSH sponge in the blood system are lacking. This experiment aimed to examine whether CTSH sponge has negative effect on blood systems of mice, which were treated...

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requires beef abattoir operators to periodically analyze beef carcass sponge samples for levels of Escherichia coli. Additional beef carcass sponge sampling is commonly used by processors to evaluate the efficacy of beef abattoir antimicrobial intervention systems. The USDA sample preparation procedure requires that beef carcass sponge samples be mechan...

Erd˝ os conjectured that, given an infinite graph G and vertex sets A, B ⊆ V (G), there exist a set P of disjoint A–B paths in G and an A–B separator X 'on' P, in the sense that X consists of a choice of one vertex from each path in P. We prove, for countable graphs G, the extension of this conjecture in which A, B and X are allowed to contain ends as well as vertices, and where the closure of ...

the objective of this study was to evaluate three methods of estrous synchronization, viz. controlled internal drug releasing device (cidr), intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluogestone acetate (fga), and cloprostenol (estrumate; an analogue of prostaglandin f2α) in nadooshani goats of yazd province, iran.the estrous synchronized does (n = 30 to 33 per treatment), after heat detection, wer...

To date, only one marine sponge pathogen (Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain NW 4327) has fulfilled Koch's postulates. We report the 4.48-Mbp draft genome sequence of this strain, which is pathogenic to the Great Barrier Reef sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. The sequence provides valuable information on sponge-pathogen interactions, including the mode of transmission and associated virulence factors.

A Menger algebra of 2-place functions over a set Δ is (cf. [5]) a set 6 of functions mapping Δ x Δ into Δ, which is closed with respect to substitution or composition, i.e., has the property that, for any three functions F, G, H belonging to 6, the composite function F{G,H) belongs to 6. Here, F{G,H) is the function assuming the value F(G(x,y), H(x9y)) for each (x,y) in Δ x Δ. The purpose of th...

With the publication of Murray N. Rothbard’s monumental work An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought in 1995, contemporary Austrian economists have become aware that they are the modern heirs to a grand intellectual tradition. The first fruit of further research in the Austrian tradition was 15 Great Austrian Economists, a small volume edited by Randall G. Holcombe in 1999. I...

We discuss 1-Ahlfors-regular connected sets in a metric space. We prove that such a set is ‘flat’ on most scales and locations. We give a quantitative version of this. This, together with work of I. Hahlomaa, gives a characterization of 1-Ahlfors regular subsets of 1-Ahlfors-regular curves in a metric space, generalizing in a way the Analyst’s (Geometric) Traveling Salesman theorems by P. Jones...

Using a portion of the Continuum Hypothesis, we prove that there is a Menger-bounded (also called o-bounded) subgroup of the Baire group Z, whose square is not Menger-bounded. This settles a major open problem concerning boundedness notions for groups, and implies that Menger-bounded groups need not be Scheepers-bounded.