Cry1C domain III amino acid residues involved in specificity for beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) were identified. For this purpose, intradomain III hybrids between Cry1E (nontoxic) and Cry1E-Cry1C hybrid G27 (toxic) were made. Crossover points of these hybrids defined six sequence blocks containing between 1 and 19 of the amino acid differences between Cry1E and G27. Blocks B, C, D, and E of ...

Consumption rates, development times, and life table parameters of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), were determined on Þve host plants: cabbage, Brassica oleracea capitata L; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L.; pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L.; and sunßower, Helianthus annuus L. Mean total leaf weight consumed by larvae was highest in cabbage (2.7 g) ...

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of numerous crops, and it causes economic damage in China. Use of secondary metabolic compounds in plants is an important method used to control this insect as a part of integrated pest management. In this study the growth, development, and food utilization of three successive generations of S. exigua f...

Vip proteins, a new group of insecticidal toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, are effective against specific pests including Spodoptera litura. Here, we report construction of a transcriptome database of S. litura by de novo assembly along with detection of the transcriptional response of S. litura larvae to Vip3Aa toxin. In total, 56,498 unigenes with an N50 value of 1,853 bp were obtai...

Three new grayanane diterpenoids, pierisoids C‒E (1-3), as well as 10 known ones (4-13), were evaluated from the flowers of Pieris formosa, which is used as an insecticide in rural areas of China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analyses. Significant antifeedant activity of 1, 3 and 10 against the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) was ...

Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major pests of many crops in Pakistan. Effectiveness of different insecticides was evaluated against field populations of 2 instar larvae of S. exigua under laboratory conditions because in lepidopterous pests resistance is developed in 3 instars. Bioassays were performed through leaf dip method to evaluate the doseand time-mortality resp...

Insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are thought to involve in insects' olfaction perception. In the present study, we identified 38 OBP genes from the antennal transcriptomes of Spodoptera litura. Tissue expression profiles analysis revealed that 17 of the 38 SlitOBP transcripts were uniquely or primarily expressed in the antennae of both sexes, suggesting their putative role in chemorecepti...

Feeding by Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) larvae on Zea mays (maize) induces expression of 9-lipoxygenases to a greater extent than 13-lipoxygenases. Whereas 13-lipoxygenases have an established role in the synthesis of jasmonates that serve as defense signaling molecules in many plant species, relatively little is known about the role of 9-lipoxygenases in herbivore defense. Phylogenetic an...

A series of novel phenylurea derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the method of active groups linkage and the principle of aromatic groups bioisosterism in this study. The structures of the novel phenylurea derivatives were confirmed based on ESI-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectral data. All of the compounds were evaluated for the insecticidal activity against the third instars larvae ...