Introduction: Paediatric patients deserve special attention because of the higher radiation risks compared with adults. The main purpose of this study is to determine patient dose and diagnostic reference level for Paediatric through Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) calculations in common X-ray examination and to establish Paediatric national DRLs in digital radiography in Iran. <...

A flow-spine of a 3-manifold is spine admitting flow that transverse to the spine, where in complement diffeomorphic constant an open ball. We say contact structure on closed, connected, oriented supported by if it has form whose Reeb flow-spine. It known Thurston and Winkelnkemper any book decomposition closed supports structure. In this paper, we introduce notion positivity for flow-spines pr...

Introduction:Surgical treatment of diseases in cervicothoracic, thoracic and thoracolumbar regions can be a challenging issue. Cooperation of the thoracic surgeons and spine surgeons can improve the outcomes and decrease the complications of patients who underwent these approaches.Materials & Methods: The participants of this study consisted of seventeenpatients suffering from different types o...

background and aim : acute injuries of the spine and spinal cord are causing the greatest amount of disability. they produce high cost outcomes for patients and society psychologically and economically. knowing the epidemiology of these injuries play an important role in planning for prevention and conservative treatment. but now, we have little information about this in our country. the aim of...

INTRODUCTION Degenerative spine disorders are steadily increasing parallel to the aging of the population with considerable impact on cost and productivity. In this paper we study the prevalence and risk factors for multiple spine surgery and its impact on cost. METHODS Data on 1,153 spine surgery inpatients operated between October 2005 and September 2008 (index spine surgery) in regard to t...

acute injuries of the spine and spinal cord are among the most causes of severe disability and death after trauma. data about spine fracture with or without cord damage are different. the aim of this study was to determine epidemiology and demographics of spinal injury in main trauma center, guilan, an iranian province. the present study was a descriptive study of all cases of traumatic spine i...

BACKGROUND A cautious outlook towards neck injuries has been the norm to avoid missing cervical spine injuries. Consequently there has been an increased use of cervical spine radiography. The Canadian Cervical Spine rule was proposed to reduce unnecessary use of cervical spine radiography in alert and stable patients. Our aim was to see whether applying the Canadian Cervical Spine rule reduced ...