Along with chronic neurotoxic effects, the long-term consumption of amphetamines has been associated to psychiatric symptoms and memory disturbances. Dendritic spine dynamics have been discussed as a possible morphological correlate. However, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), a major drug of abuse and a main metabolite after 3,4-methylenedioxymeth...

Spine vascular lesions like brain include spinal cord stroke, malformation such as venous or angioma, cavernous malformation, arteriovenous fistula. Embryogenesis of is the basic principle to understand spine. This study aims report serial cases with review lesions. MR angiography techniques contrast injection may reflect direction flow epidural veins describe site arterial feeders. Serpiginous...

Recent morphological and genetic studies on the Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh complex have demonstrated that three taxa occur in the Mediterranean Sea. One of them, the ‘invasive variety’, provisionally regarded as close to C. racemosa var. occidentalis J. Agardh, is currently spreading spectacularly throughout the Mediterranean. On the basis of new morphological and molecular studies ...

Charcot joints of the spine are rare entities which mimic low grade soft tissue malignancies by appearing as a destructive mass lesion on radiographic studies. We report a 42-year-old diabetic female, who presented with a mass-like lesion of the thoracic spine extending into the posterior mediastinum. She presented with hemiplegia. With conservative treatment and without mechanical stabilizatio...

Based on analyses of terpenoids, nrDNA and trnC-D SNPs as well as morphology and ecology, a new cryptic species, Juniperus maritima, from the Puget Sound region is recognized. The species, previously included in J. scopulorum, is characterized by having seed cones that mature in one year (14-16 months), seeds usually exserted from the cone, obtuse scale leaf tips, usually reniform seed cones, s...

Background. Up to 83 % of the working population has a high level social adaptation disorder due pain in lumbosacral spine. The development translational approaches treatment degenerative diseases spine is becoming increasingly important. key methods differentiated approach are laser vaporization intervertebral disc and radiofrequency denervation facet joints case when syndrome facet-like. Obje...