AIM Electrical stimulation of the dorsal column of the spinal cord stands out as a major method of neuromodulation. Its popularity stems from the long lasting support to the "gate theory" in which electrical stimulation of the gate prevents passage of nociceptive impulses and reduces pain sensation. There is little known about the effect of the duration of intraoperative stimula...

Objectives: The aim of this article is to explain the detailed methodology record Motor evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory (SSEP) in adult albino Wistar rat, male (200–250 g) which has not been defined previously. Materials Methods: We have standardised recording both MEP SSEP these rats under anaesthesia on ADI digital polyrite system. Results: Evoked potentials widely studied spinal cor...

Cerebral ischemia induces injury, not only in the ischemic core and surrounding penumbra tissues, but also in remote areas such as the cervical spinal cord. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cervical spinal cord injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive (RHRSP) rats. The results demonstrated tha...

In recent rehabilitation, treatments include electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation. They are transcranial (TMS), repetitive peripheral (rPMS), transcutaneous nerve (TENS), others. rPMS has been effective technique for non-invasive neuromodulation. Clinical effects of have reported such as generalized sarcopenia dysphagia, measurement rectus femoris muscle (RF), strength suprahyoid mus...

Refractory angina pectoris is defined as angina refractory to optimal medical treatment and standard coronary revascularization procedures. Despite recent therapeutic advances, patients with refractory angina pectoris are not adequately treated. Spinal cord stimulation is a minimally invasive and reversible technique which utilizes electrical neuromodulation by means of an electrode implanted i...

The depressor response to electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was compared with the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) and Wistar rat (WR). The animals were pithed by inserting a stainless-steel rod into the spinal cord. Pithed rats were treated with ...

The relationships between the stimulation frequency and the force developed by motor units (MUs) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were compared between intact rats and animals after total transection or hemisection of the spinal cord at the low thoracic level. The experiments on functionally isolated MUs were carried out 14, 30, 90, and 180 days after the spinal cord injury. Axons of investig...

AIM To review the cost of healthcare utilisation by patients suffering from intractable angina, unsuitable for coronary revascularisation, before and after treatment with spinal cord stimulation. METHODS Data were collected for eight patients treated for intractable angina with spinal cord stimulation at Green Lane Hospital before April 1999. Information on consumption of specified medica res...

Chronic pain is thought to arise because of maladaptive changes occurring within the peripheral nervous system and CNS. The transition from acute to chronic pain is known to involve the spinal cord (Woolf and Salter, 2000). Therefore, to investigate altered human spinal cord function and translate results obtained from other species, a noninvasive neuroimaging technique is desirable. We have in...

Feasibility and efficacy of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) have been studied during the last years. A key parameter to study this technique is posterior root muscle response (PRM), which a monosynaptic reflex that evoked by single pulse tSCS. The objective work was analyse how body weight loading influences PRM threshold in subjects with injury (SCI).