Although, there is no generally accepted scientific theory for the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the relative anterior spinal column overgrowth has been postulated as a mechanism of AIS progression by many morphological studies. The normal spinal growth involves both kinds of ossification: endochondral and membranous ossification. Considering the uncoupled anterior-posterio...

This study was to investigate the clinical and radiographical outcomes of anterior spinal column reconstruction using structural femoral shaft allografts in osteoporotic patients. Retrospective analyses of medical records, radiographic parameters, and postoperative complications were performed in twenty-one patients who underwent anterior spinal column reconstruction surgery for osteoporotic ve...

This article is a presentation of the concept of the three-column spine. The concept evolved from a retrospective review of 412 thoracolumbar spine injuries and observations on spinal instability. The posterior column consists of what Holdsworth described as the posterior ligamentous complex. The middle column includes the posterior longitudinal ligament, posterior annulus fibrosus, and posteri...

To determine the spinal innervation and neuronal connections is important for studying gastric carbohydrate metabolism and motor responses. Neurons involved in the efferent control of the stomach were identified following visualization of pseudorabies virus (PRV)-614 retrograde tracing. PRV-614 was injected into the ventral stomach wall in 13 adult C57BL/6J strain male mice. On the fifth day po...