Modern technological processes for producing VLSI circuits have created an opportunity to exploit the advantages of asynchronous circuits. Compared to their synchronous counterparts, asynchronous circuits have the potential for lower power consumption, offer greater design flexibility, exhibit average rather than worst-case performance and have no problem with clock skew [Lav93, Hauck95]. Async...

This paper uses a market potential approach to examine the evolution of the rail transport network of China and its spatial distributional impacts on local accessibility, with a particular focus on high-speed rail improvements. Accessibility is measured by using a “market potential” function that was derived from the general equilibrium model of the economic geography literature, and is empiric...

As high speed rail is becoming increasingly popular around the globe, alignments are being forced onto marginal land due to land costs and the requirement for straight tracks. Rail foundations spread the applied wheel loads to prevent damage to the underlying in-situ soil upon which tracks are built. Designs which cannot sustain the resulting stresses will cause serviceability issues and will r...

The primary mechanisms playing a role in the dynamic wheel–rail response to rail weld irregularities in a ballasted track are pointed out. The concept of P1 and P2 forces for metallurgical rail welds, introduced in a first paper [1] concerning the present research, is further elaborated. The dynamic wheel–rail response is simulated for a number of geometrical rail weld measurements. Results sho...

The ToF system has a wide range of applications, including automatic driving, 3D reconstruction, and intelligent robot navigation, more. However, implementing time-of-flight (ToF) systems for measuring real-time distances objects with varying surface reflectance poses challenge. reflectivity object surfaces results in fluctuations the amplitude reflected pulse, causing input overdrive voltage t...

The purpose of this study is to provide a model with a dynamic system method to investigate the factors affecting the technological capabilities enhancement in the high-tech industries of high-speed train of the rail transportation system. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and conducting several meetings with experts in the rail transportation industry, a conceptual and qualitati...