Patterns of ecological specialization offer invaluable information about ecosystems. Yet, specialization is rarely quantified across several ecological niche axes and variables beyond the link between morphological and dietary specialization have received little attention. Here, we provide a quantitative evaluation of ecological specialization in a coral reef fish assemblage (f. Acanthuridae) a...

Niche breadth of species has been hypothesized to be associated with species' responses to disturbance. Disturbance is usually believed to affect specialists negatively, while generalists are believed to benefit from disturbance; we call this the "specialization-disturbance" hypothesis. We also propose an associated hypothesis (the "specialization-asymmetry-disturbance" hypothesis) under which ...

Species-rich tropical communities are expected to be more specialized than their temperate counterparts. Several studies have reported increasing biotic specialization toward the tropics, whereas others have not found latitudinal trends once accounting for sampling bias or differences in plant diversity. Thus, the direction of the latitudinal specialization gradient remains contentious. With an...

A specialization scenario provides a programmer friendly mechanism communicating the information about specialization opportunities to partial evaluators. Unfortunately, the process of generating suitable scenarios remains an art only mastered by programmers with in-depth knowledge about partial evaluation. Existing works on generating scenarios either rely on a brute-force approach to generate...

When does efficiency in the household imply specialization? For example, if we recognize two sectors, “market” and “household,” when does efficiency imply that one spouse specializes in the market and the other in the household? If efficiency did imply specialization, then egalitarian marriages would be inefficient and an equity-efficiency tradeoff inescapable. This paper clarifies the roles th...

The Effect of Children on Specialization and Coordination of Partners’ Activities This paper first documents the extent of the specialization in time use in couple families, and the impact of children on this specialization. It then examines the links between the time allocations of partners in couple families, the impact of children on these links, and the effects these factors have on special...

Declarative models and language concepts for the coordination in parallel and distributed systems attract increasing attention because of their simplicity and expressiveness. In this paper, type specialization is proposed as a declarative, object-oriented programming and coordination model. A simple execution mechanism repeatedly specializes types of entities (variables) and thereby collects kn...

Program and data specialization have always been studied separately, although they are both aimed at processing early computations. Program specialization encodes the result of early computations into a new program; while data specialization encodes the result of early computations into data structures. In this paper, we present an extension of the Tempo specializer, which performs both program...

Debates about urban growth and change often center on specialization. However, arguments linking specialization to metropolitan economic development contain diverse, and sometimes conflicting, claims. Is it better to be highly specialized or diversified? Does specialization refer to the absolute or relative scale of an activity in a region? Does specialization have static or evolutionary effect...