the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin as an antioxidant on spatial navigation memory in male diabetic rats. thirty-two male white wistar rats weighing 200 ± 20 g were divided into four groups, randomly: control, melatonin, diabetic and melatonin-treated diabetic. experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg kg-1 streptozotocin. melatonin...

Objective(s) The possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) for the living organisms and human body are a growing concern for our society. In this study, we examined the possibility of changes in working memory and hippocampal histological characteristics effects in mice brain following whole body exposure to microwave radiation. Materials and Methods During gestation per...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a disease of the immune system that creates damage of learning and memory in that. using probiotic supplements is recommended for preventing ms disease and improving memory. this study aimed to investigate the effect of lactobacillus plantarum (lp) and bifidobacterium b94 (bb94), on acquisition phase of spatial memory in the local demyelination of rats` hi...

this research aimed to review the use of second-person reference in advertisement translation, work out the general rules, and provide guidance to translators. using second-person reference is common in the advertising discourse. addressing audiences directly involves their attention and in this way enhances their memorization of the advertised message. second-person reference can be realized v...

To evaluate the cognitive phenotype of the segmental trisomy 16 (Ts65Dn) mouse, a model of Down Syndrome (DS, trisomy 21), we assessed spatial working and reference memory using a 12-arm radial maze (RAM). Ts65Dn mice made a greater number of reference memory errors across trials compared to control mice. Both genotypes showed improvement across trials, although improvement was slower in Ts65Dn...

Exposure of rodents to a stimulating environment has beneficial effects on some cognitive functions that are impaired during physiological aging, and especially spatial reference memory. The present study investigated whether environmental enrichment rescues these functions in already declining subjects and/or protects them from subsequent decline. Subgroups of 17-mo-old female rats with unimpa...