The Peloponnesian War concluded in the spring of 404 bc when an Athens overcome by siege and hunger at last surrendered to Sparta. Not long afterwards, the Spartan general Lysander undertook to replace the Athenian democracy with the oligarchic regime that would come to be known as the Thirty Tyrants. The Athenians initially resisted this devastating reversal of their constitution, but Lysander...

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A Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network is a dynamic collection of nodes that connect with each other via virtual overlay links built upon an underlying (usually, the Internet). P2P networks are highly and can experience very heavy churn, i.e., large number join/leave continuously. Thus, building maintaining stable important problem has been studied extensively for two decades. In this paper, we present o...

Unrepaired DNA damage may arrest ongoing replication forks, potentially resulting in fork collapse, increased mutagenesis and genomic instability. Replication through DNA lesions depends on mono- and polyubiquitylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which enable translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching, respectively. A proper replication fork rescue is ensured by the dy...