The SOS response in Escherichia coli is induced after DNA-damaging treatments including ultraviolet light. Regulation of the SOS response is accomplished through specific interaction of the two SOS regulator proteins, LexA and RecA. In ultraviolet light-treated cells, nucleotide excision repair is the major system that removes the induced lesions from the DNA. Here, induction of the SOS respons...

The characteristics of the system of systems (SoS) present great challenges to the safety analysis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Traditional safety analysis methods and techniques do not work well in a complex SoS, so new safety analysis technologies are needed to adapt to safety problems in SoS. This study first expounds upon the shortcomings of traditional safety analysis met...

Increasing complexity of today’s software systems is one of the major challenges software engineers have to face. This is aggravated by the fact that formerly isolated systems have to be interconnected to more complex systems, called System-of-Systems (SoS). Those systems are in charge to provide more functionality to the user than all of their independent sub-systems could do. Reducing the com...

Systems of systems (SoS) are a hot topic in our “fully connected global world”. Our aim is not to provide another definition of what SoS are, but rather to focus on the adequacy of reusing standard system architecting techniques within this approach in order to improve performance, fault detection and safety issues in large-scale coupled systems that definitely qualify as SoS, whatever the defi...

The crucial role of System of Systems (SoS) acquisition, in which multiple distributed systems that can (and do) operate independently assemble in networks and collaborate to achieve unique capabilities [1], has been increasingly recognized by various organizations and communities. The prevalence of SoS in acquisition community is a direct result of the severe acquisition failures in the past, ...

This paper presents results of case investigations of evolvable systems of systems (SoS) in the military domain. The selected SoS cases illustrate examples of specific options implemented by architects in designing SoS that resulted in evolvable SoS. The research aims to further validate the usefulness of design principles for architecting systems that possess desirable lifecycle properties suc...

Our research focuses on developing System Importance Measures (SIMs) to characterize resilience. Our measures are applicable to systems and systems-of-systems that are characterized by diversity in nodes and functions. The system importance measures help identify and rank components or systems that have the most impact on different aspects of the overall resilience. Because systems-of-systems (...

The authors validate the Outpatient Osteopathic SOS (Single Organ System) Musculoskeletal Exam Form (SOS MSEF), a 1-page form contained within the 4-page Outpatient Osteopathic Single Organ System Musculoskeletal Exam Form Series (SOS-FS). Handwritten physician progress notes (PPNs) in the medical record (considered to be the "gold standard" for clinical records) were compared with information ...

A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) imaging system calculates and color codes speed of sound (SOS). We evaluated the SAM results for lymph node imaging and compared these results with those of light microscopy (LM). SAM showed normal structures and localized/diffuse lesions of the lymph node. Our results revealed that as a rule, soft areas such as cystic necrosis presented less SOS while harde...

Infection of Salmonella enterica with lytic mutants of either P22 or SE1 bacteriophages triggers the expression of its DNA damage-inducible SOS response through a lexA-dependent pathway. This induction of the SOS system strictly requires the presence of the bacteriophage kil gene. Accordingly, plasmid over-expression of the kil gene also promotes the S. enterica SOS network induction. Furthermo...