Although the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) are widely used, there is a uncertainty regarding what is measured by these scales. We examined associations between these instruments and items assessing different aspects of dependence. Adult current smokers (n = 422, mean age 33.3 years, 61.9% female) completed a web-based survey comprised of...

AIMS To examine the ability of different common measures of cigarette dependence to predict smoking cessation during pregnancy. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a parallel-group randomized controlled trial of physical activity for smoking cessation. The outcomes were biochemically validated smoking abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit and end-of-pregnancy. SETTING Women identified as smoke...

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB1 exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmorillonite clay, has previously been shown to reduce AFB1 bioavailability safely and efficaciously in se...

■ We present two examples that show how fusing data from hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensors with data from other sensors can enhance overall detection and classification performance. The first example involves fusing HSI data with foliage-penetration synthetic aperture radar (FOPEN SAR) data; the second example involves fusing HSI data with high-resolution imaging (HRI) data. The fusion of HSI...

The last remaining population of European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) lives in the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne (France) catchment (GGD). Captive young individuals are released into GGD hydrosystem each year, as part a restocking programme. This study aims to assess health status juveniles A. sturio current conditions hydrosystem, evaluate their capacity survive and grow moderately anthropized ecos...

quantification of the habitat available for fish species named rainbow trout (oncorhynchusmykiss) were evaluated in lees ferry, colorado river using water depth, water temperature, sediment transport,flow velocity in 2004 as environmental index. for the flow velocity and temperature distribution calculationsin the river, the navier-stokes equation and energy conservation equations with finite v...

background : necessity of evaluating heat stress in the workplace, require validation of indices and selection optimal index. the present study aimed to assess the precision and validity of some heat stress indices and select the optimum index for using in heavy work activities in hot and dry climates. methods: it carried out on 184 workers from 40 brick kilns workshops in the city of qom, cent...

Habitat suitability modeling (HSM) is a tool for predicting the quality or suitability of habitat for a given species based on known affinities with habitat characteristics, such as depth and substrate type. This information is combined with maps of those same habitat characteristics to produce maps of expected distributions of species and life stages. One such technique is termed habitat suita...

Emerging methods in habitat and wildlife population modeling promise new horizons in conservation but only if these methods provide robust population–habitat linkages. We used Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data to verify and validate newly developed habitat suitability index (HSI) models for 40 priority landbird species in the Central Hardwoods and West Gulf Coastal Plain/Ouachitas Bird Conservati...