Many plants translocate sugar alcohols in the phloem. However, the mechanism(s) of sugar alcohol loading in the minor veins of leaves are debated. We characterized the loading strategies of two species that transport sorbitol (Plantago major and apple [Malus domestica]), and one that transports mannitol (Asarina scandens). Plasmodesmata are abundant at all interfaces in the minor vein phloem of...

Streptococcus mutans has a large number of transporters apparently involved in the uptake of carbohydrates. At least two of these, the multiple sugar metabolism transporter, MsmEFGK, and the previously uncharacterized MalXFGK, are members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Mutation analysis revealed that the MsmEFGK and MalXFGK transporters are principally involved in the uptake of ...

Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose that functions as a compatible solute in the stabilization of biological structures under abiotic stress in bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates. With the notable exception of the desiccation-tolerant "resurrection plants," trehalose is not thought to accumulate to detectable levels in most plants. We report here the regulated overexpression of E...

Streptomyces coelicolor is the prototype for the investigation of antibiotic-producing and differentiating actinomycetes. As soil bacteria, streptomycetes can metabolize a wide variety of carbon sources and are hence vested with various specific permeases. Their activity and regulation substantially determine the nutritional state of the cell and, therefore, influence morphogenesis and antibiot...

Studies of the metabolism of four pentoses (D-, and L-arabinose; D-, and L-xylose) in frog muscle at 0 degree C revealed that all are metabolized at extremely slow rates. As a result, the metabolic degradation of these pentoses does not significantly affect their equilibrium distribution in muscle cells at this temperature at least. Of the four stereoisomers, three (L-xylose, D-arabinose, L-ara...

ABSTRACT-Application of models for simulation of solute and pollutants transport in soil can reduce time and costs for remediation process. HYDRUS-1D model was developed to simulate the one–dimensional flow of soil water, heat, solute and viruses in variably saturated–unsaturated porous media. The objective of this investigation is to determine the solute transport parameters in disturbed soil ...

The osmotic dehydration causes water removing from food and also a soluble solid uptake into thefoodstuffs. However, large penetration of solute into the food becomes a major problem in osmoticdehydration.Pre-coating the food to be dehydrated with an artificial, edible barrier was also explored as a wayto efficiently hinder solute penetration. In this study the effect of edible coating (CMC),co...