Mineral nutrients taken up by the roots are, as a rule, transported in the xylem to the shoot, and photoassimilates transported in the phloem to the roots. According to the Thornley model of photosynthate partitioning, nutrient deficiencies should favour photosynthate partitioning to the roots. Examples are cited to show that this preferential partitioning is dependent on phloem mobility and he...

First-principles calculations based on a plane-wave pseudopotential method, as implemented in the VASP code, are presented for the formation energies of several transition-metal and non-transition-metal dopants in Ti–Al alloys. Substitution for either Ti or Al in g-TiAl, a2-Ti3Al, Ti2AlC, and Ti3AlC are considered. Calculated szero-temperatured defect formation energies exhibit clear trends as ...

Implicit solvation is a mean force approach to model solvent forces acting on a solute molecule. It is frequently used in molecular simulations to reduce the computational cost of solvent treatment. In the first instance, the free energy of solvation and the associated solvent-solute forces can be approximated by a function of the solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) of the solute and differe...

Modeling atmospheric aerosol and cloud microphysics is rather complex, even if chemical and thermodynamical equilibrium is assumed. We show, however, that the thermodynamics can be considerably simplified by reformulating equilibrium to consistently include water, and transform laboratory-based concepts to atmospheric conditions. We generalize the thermodynamic principles that explain hydration...

Passive transport across the lipid region of the membrane is considered to be one of the main mechanisms by which many solutes, especially xenobiotics, enter the cell (Stein 1981). Although the problem of mathematical description of the process has been intensively treated, it continues to be a subject of controversy. Some approaches do not take into account the solute accumulation in the membr...

The effect of boron (B) deficiency on cell permeability and connected with that, changes in soluble sugars, amino acids and ureides partitioning between root and nodule apoplast and symplast of N2 fixing soybean plants grown in water culture were studied. Exposure of a transient 10 -day B deficiency stress was found to inhibit nodule number and to increase nodule dry weight. The formation of la...

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) combines the separation principle of HPLC (partitioning between mobile and stationary phases) with the high efficiency of capillary electroseparation methods. In CEC the electroosmotic flow (EOF) inherent in capillary electrophoretic separations is used to transport solute and mobile phase through a packed capillary column. The properties of the EOF provide...

Results are presented for a ductile metal reinforced bulk metallic glass matrix composite based on glass forming compositions in the Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be system. Primary dendrite growth and solute partitioning in the molten state yields a microstructure consisting of a ductile crystalline Ti-Zr-Nb beta phase, with bcc structure, in a Zr-Ti-Nb-Cu-Ni-Be bulk metallic glass matrix. Under unconstrained m...