For pile foundations subjected to lateral loads, an analysis method should account for the response of the combined soil-pile system. Current practice for pile-soil interaction analysis usually employs a series of springs to model the lateral behavior of soil-pile interaction. In this method, the force (p) – deformation (y) function, widely known as p-y curve, of the spring characterizes the pi...

Despite the ubiquity of ammonium in geothermal environments and the thermodynamic favorability of aerobic ammonia oxidation, thermophilic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms belonging to the crenarchaeota kingdom have only recently been described. In this study, we analyzed microbial mats and surface sediments from 21 hot spring samples (pH 3.4 to 9.0; temperature, 41 to 86 degrees C) from the Uni...

The occurrence and distribution of clinically relevant bacterial virulence genes across natural (non-human) environments is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of homologs to bacterial human virulence genes in a variety of ecological niches to better understand the role of natural environments in the evolution of bacterial virulence. Twenty four bacterial virulence genes...

Hyperthermophilic archaea have been isolated from high-temperature environments such as geothermally heated soils, sulfur-rich hot springs, and submarine volcanic habitats; optimal growth of these organisms occurs above 80C (Stetter, 1999, 2006, 2013). The genus Vulcanisaeta belongs to the family Thermoproteaceae, order Thermoproteales, phylum Crenarchaeota, and was first proposed by Itoh et al...

The nitrogen cycle (N-cycle), principally supported by prokaryotes, involves different redox reactions mainly focused on assimilatory purposes or respiratory processes for energy conservation. As the N-cycle has important environmental implications, this biogeochemical cycle has become a major research topic during the last few years. However, although N-cycle metabolic pathways have been studi...

the aim of this study was to determine the best interpolation method to achieve spatial and quality distribution of springs from point view (tds) and ph in mirdeh watershed nw kurdistan province. field sampling collections was done and 268 springs of total 904 springs of whole watershed selected randomly. electrical conductivity and ph of springs was determined and 168 springs was used as train...

The subject of this investigation is the development of an accurate simulation of a truck impacting a strong-post w-beam guardrail. Detailed methods for system simulation are proposed and three major issues which involve the use of springs to simulate component crashworthiness behavior is investigated. Rail to blockout bolt connection, soil-post dynamic interaction, and effect of ends of guardr...

springs are the important water resources, which thier study is necessary in terms of their management and exploitation. in northern iran, the karst springs locate in the central alborz highlands and alluvial springs on the caspian southern coasts.the karst and alluvial springs discharge is variable because of different conditions in terms of aquifer, topography and precipitation .this study ha...

Springs are the important water resources, which thier study is necessary in terms of their management and exploitation. In northern Iran, the karst springs locate in the central Alborz highlands and alluvial springs on the Caspian southern coasts.The Karst and alluvial springs discharge is variable because of different conditions in terms of aquifer, topography and precipitation .This study ha...