Introduction: Marginal fit is a key factor for long term clinical success through any dental restorations. Poor marginal adaptation causes cement dissolution. This can lead to dental caries, gingival irritation, periodontal diseases, and finally treatment failure. The aim of this study was measurement and comparison of marginal gap quantities in metal ceramic and all ceramic dental restorations...

We show how layering in communication software violates the principle of separating concerns. Examples illustrate that layering couples receiver-and sender functions, sharing message headers among layers creates dependencies between layers that largely compromise re-usability, QoS management is scattered over all layers, and layers are tightly coupled with the sub-system that executes it. Layer...

the most frequent adverse effects of indomethacin like other nsaids are gastro–intestinal and central nervous system disturbances. extended release or enteric release formulations minimize these symptoms. the objective of this study was to develop an extended release pellet formulation of indomethacin by the centrifugation (rotary fluid bed granulation) or powder layering method. layered, nonpa...

Due to its unique structure and excellent purification efficiency (e.g., 98% for organic matter between 94 100% nutrients), multi-soil-layering (MSL) has emerged as an efficient eco-friendly solution wastewater treatment environmental protection. Through infiltration-percolation, this soil-based technology allows pollutants move from the MSL upper layers outlet while maintaining direct contact ...

Extended layering of ionic liquids (ILs) on the mica surface has been reported by several groups previously and it is generally accepted that the electrostatic interaction at the IL/mica interface is critical to the observed extended layering. Here we report that, indeed, water adsorption on the mica surface is the key to the extended layering of ionic liquids. The atomic force microscopy (AFM)...

The formation of many nebkha dunes relies on the layering of clonal plants. The microenvironmental conditions of such phytogenic nebkha are heterogeneous depending on the aspect and slope. Exploring the effects of aspect on clonal reproduction and biomass allocation can be useful in understanding the ecological adaptation of species. We hypothesized that on the windward side layering propagatio...

The Resource Description Framework and the Resource Description Framework Schema Specification are supposed to be the foundations of the Semantic Web, in that all other Semantic Web languages are to be layered on top of them. It turns out that such a layering cannot be achieved in a straightforward way. This paper describes the problem with the straightforward layering and lays out several alte...

Abstract Double-diffusive systems, such as thermosolutal convection, in which the density depends on two components that diffuse at different rates, are prone to both steady and oscillatory instabilities. Such systems can evolve into layered states, components, also density, adopt a “staircase” profile. Turbulent transport is enhanced significantly state. Here we exploit an analogy between magn...