Upstream soil and water conservation measures in catchments can have positive impact both upstream in terms of less erosion and higher crop yields, but also downstream by less sediment flow into reservoirs and increased groundwater recharge. Green Water Credits (GWC) schemes are being developed to encourage upstream farmers to invest in soil and water conservation practices which will positivel...

the part of precipitation that directly meets the water requirements of a plant, is termed the effective rainfall. effective rainfall estimation methods consist of: direct measurement, empirical methods, and soil-water balance modeling. due to the high costs of measurements and storing devices such as lysimeter, empirical and balance methods are most commonly used to estimate the effective rain...

Terracing is one of the oldest means of saving soil and water. The objective of this paper is to provide information on the different types of terraces and their functioning, and to describe advantages and disadvantages of terraces regarding their efficacy to stop or reduce soil erosion. Existing literature and information shows that terraces can considerably reduce soil loss due to water erosi...

Soil and water conservation measures can impact hydrological cycle, but quantitative analysis of this impact is still difficult in a watershed scale. To assess the effect quantitatively, a three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) with a surface runoff model-the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) were calibrated and applied based on the artificial rainfall experiments. T...

Following the generalization of major ecological and environmental problems facing China today and brief introduction of some research results in the country concerning the forest impacts on stream flow, soil erosion and water quality, the current Chinese forestry development toward soil and water conservation was briefly presented in terms of initiatives and techniques in the paper.

A thorough understanding of how conservation tillage in ̄uences water quality is predicated on knowledge of how tillage affects water movement. This paper summarizes the effects of conservation tillage on water movement and quality mainly based on long-term experiments on Luvisols at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, USA. Conservation tillage can have a much larger...

infiltration and its modeling are important in design and implementation of irrigation projects, drainage, water-resources management, soil-conservation, hydrological studies, and artificial-recharge of groundwater and are influenced by different characteristics of soil and infiltrated water including the amount of salinity and sodium. the aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltration mode...

The effects of conservation-tillage practices on the root environment of corn (Zea mays L.) may differ with varying amounts of irrigation. Dryland, 50% irrigation, and 100% irrigation treatments were applied in combination with disc, no-tillage, and a postemergence chisel treatment designed to allow rapid infiltration of irrigation water. The study was conducted during the 1980 growing season a...

soil conservation is one of the most important regulative functions of natural ecosystems. this function is of high importance in taleghan watershed due to high erosion quantity and sediment accumulation in taleghan dam reservoir. soil loss reduction, sedimentation control and fertility conservation were considered as different aspects of soil conservation. effect of land use and vegetation cov...