InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum wells with quantum well intermixing (QWI) have been prepared by Impurity-Free Vacancy Disordering (IFVD). The luminescent characteristics were investigated using photoluminescence (PL) and photoreflectance (PR), from which the band gap blueshift was observed. Si3N4, SiO2 and SOG (spin on glass) were used for the dielectric layer to enhance intermixing from the outdi...

This paper presents the development and characterization of a new high-aspect-ratio MEMS process. The silicon-on-silicon (SOS) process utilizes dielectric barrier discharge surface activated low-temperature wafer bonding and deep reactive ion etching to achieve a high aspect ratio (feature width reduction-to-depth ratio of 1:31), while allowing for the fabrication of devices with a very high an...

2 A process to fabricate functional polysilicon structures above large (43 4 mm ) thin (200 nm), very flat LPCVD silicon rich nitride membranes was developed. Key features of this fabrication process are the use of low-stress LPCVD silicon nitride, sacrificial layer etching, and minimization of membrane stress and deformation after fabrication, which was done by complete removal of the sacrific...

This study presents low cost fabrication of free-standing membranes in polymer with perforated pores down to subμm diameter, which provides platforms for fundamental studies of many biosystems. For the fabrication, a combination of imprint lithography and a sacrificial layer technique was employed in order to obtain a clean, fully released, and mechanically stable membrane with perforated pores...

A two dimensionally assembled monolayer of hexagonal convexo-convex β-cobalt hydroxide nanoplates as a self-disposable sacrificial epi-template leads to a highly vertical alignment of zinc oxide nanorods array having a good electrical contact with metal or semiconductor layer on a substrate in a hydrothermal process.

The short gastrulation (sog) shadow enhancer directs early and late sog expression in the neurogenic ectoderm and the ventral midline of the developing Drosophila embryo, respectively. Here, evidence is presented that the sog primary enhancer also has both activities, with the late enhancer activity dependent on the early activity. Computational analyses showed that the sog primary enhancer con...

Photonic crystals have been studied extensively for their potential to control and manipulate light, similar to the way electrons are controlled in a semiconductor, opening the door to high-speed, low-power, all-optical devices. A common method for fabricating 3D photonic crystals is the infiltration and subsequent inversion of synthetic opal templates to create inverse opals consisting of air ...

To investigate connectivity between primary somatosensory area (S1) and striate cortex (V1) in the blind, we used dynamic causal modeling of functional MRI acquired while 15 blind (9 early-onset and 6 late-onset) and 24 sighted subjects performed a tactile Braille discrimination task with their right hand. Five regions of interest were selected from either the ventral or dorsal pathways: left S...

The jewel wasp stings cockroaches and injects venom into their cerebral ganglia, namely the subesophageal ganglion (SOG) and supraesophageal ganglion (SupOG). The venom induces a long-term hypokinetic state, during which the stung cockroach shows little or no spontaneous walking. It was shown that venom injection to the SOG reduces neuronal activity, thereby suggesting a similar effect of venom...

The mechanism by which Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and its antagonist Short gastrulation (Sog) specify the dorsoventral pattern in Drosophila embryos has been proposed to have a common origin with the mechanism that organizes the body axis in the vertebrate embryo. However, Drosophila Sog makes only minor contributions to the development of ventral structures that hypothetically correspond to the ver...