Modified cold-induced aggregation microextraction (M-CIAME) is a fast and simple method for extraction and preconcentration of metal ions from samples with high salt content. Furthermore, this technique is much safer in comparison with the organic solvent extraction. The extraction of palladium (Pd) was performed in the presence of Michler thioketone (TMK) as the complexing agent. In this metho...

Excessive intake of dietary sodium is one form of affluent or industrial society malnutrition. When combined with a genetic-based sodium sensitivity, this high sodium intake becomes a factor in the etiology of hypertension. Most dietary sodium comes from food, natural or processed. Indirect measures of discretionary sodium intake, that from the salt shaker in the kitchen or at the table, put it...

After transection of their axons within the sciatic nerve, DRG neurons become hyperexcitable. Recent studies have demonstrated the emergence of a rapidly repriming tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium current that may account for this hyperexcitability in axotomized small (<27 microm diam) DRG neurons, but its molecular basis has remained unexplained. It has been shown previously that sciatic ne...

Stereospecific formation of spirodioxolanes has been observed on electron transfer induced ring opening of α-epoxyketones by 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of cyclohexanone.

The preparation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from 1,2-diacylhydrazines using XtalFluor-E ([Et(2)NSF(2)]BF(4)) as cyclodehydration reagent is described. Various functionalized 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized and it was found that the use of acetic acid as an additive generally improved the yields.

Several scorpion toxins have been shown to exert their neurotoxic effects by a direct interaction with voltage-dependent sodium channels. Both classical scorpion alpha-toxins such as Lqh II from Leiurus quiquestratus hebraeus and alpha-like toxins as toxin III from the same scorpion (Lqh III) competitively interact for binding on receptor site 3 of insect sodium channels. Conversely, Lqh III, w...

This paper presents, discusses, and compares the results of determination of tetrafluoroborate and chloride anions by isotachophoresis (ITP) and ion chromatography (IC) with conductometric detection. Tetrafluoroborate and chloride anions are the ones of the most important (and most often used) anions in the molecules of ionic liquids. The achieved limit of detection (10 μg L–1) was very satisfa...