In an era of increasing globalization, social and economic harmony depends on the ability of people to cooperate with others from a variety of ethnic, geographic, and religious backgrounds. A trend toward explicitly egalitarian attitudes among North Americans has been accompanied (and motivated) by legislation that makes discrimination a crime and public scrutiny that makes a single racist stat...

There is no doubt that Social media has gained wider acceptability and usability and is also becoming probably the most important communication tools among students especially at the higher level of educational pursuit. As much as social media is viewed as having bridged the gap in communication that existed. Within the social media Facebook, Twitter and others are now gaining more and more pat...

Social Perception and Social Reality (Jussim 2012) reviews the evidence in social psychology and related fields and reaches three conclusions: (1) Although errors, biases, and self-fulfilling prophecies in person perception are real, reliable, and occasionally quite powerful, on average, they tend to be weak, fragile, and fleeting. (2) Perceptions of individuals and groups tend to be at least m...

Guerriero and Dallari’s paper, “The Need for Adequate Ethical Guidelines for Qualitative Health Research,” illustrates vital differences between the principles and paradigms of medical research and those of the social sciences, and qualitative research in particular. They are quite right when they claim, that “it is not adequate to analyze qualitative researches in health by seeking the support...

Most decisions require an evaluation of the likelihood of events on which outcomes depend. A cotntnon mode of judgment utider uncertainty is the interpretation of statements of belief expressed by others. Most previous research on the cotnmunication of uncertainty has focused on the interpretation and use of quantitative versus qualitative expressions (e.g., "90% chance" vs. "extremely likely")...

Since the reconstruction of Joseph Schumpeter’s view of innovation as a driver of capitalist development and the subsequent formation of the national innovation systems (NIS) theory in the early 1990s that can be described as neo-Schumpeterian, there has been a continuous attempt to analyse innovation. However, much of this has positioned innovation as a value-neutral process. We argue that suc...

Since the reconstruction of Joseph Schumpeter’s view of innovation as a driver of capitalist development and the subsequent formation of the national innovation systems (NIS) theory in the early 1990s that can be described as neo-Schumpeterian, there has been a continuous attempt to analyse innovation. However, much of this has positioned innovation as a value-neutral process. We argue that suc...

Human beings are intrinsically social. Our survival critically depends on social interactions with others, the formation of alliances and accurate social judgments (Cacioppo, 2002). We are motivated to form and maintain positive and significant relationships (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), and most of our actions are directed toward or are responses to others (Batson, 1990). No single factor can ac...

This article features an elementary teacher who has worked with the authors for the past 10 years in research on building a classroom community and using cultural universals as the centerpiece for elementary social studies for all children. Cultural universals are basic human needs and social experiences found in all societies, past and present, and include food, shelter, clothing, transportati...

The critical number of G, denoted by c(G), is the smallest s such that Σ(S) = G for every subset S of G with cardinality s not containing 0. The parameter c(G) was first studied by Erdős and Heilbronn in [4]. They obtained the inequality c(Zp) ≤ 3 √ 6p. Olson proved in [13] that c(Zp) ≤ √ 4p− 3 + 1. The authors of [1] obtained the inequality c(Zp) ≤ √ 4p− 7. The evaluation of c(G) for groups wi...