BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is well established that attention bias and interpretation bias each have a key role in the development and continuation of anxiety. How the biases may interact with one another in anxiety is, however, poorly understood. Using cognitive bias modification techniques, the present study examined whether training a more positive interpretation bias or attention bias res...

Background: Anxiety has become one of the most common psychological problems affecting combat effectiveness soldiers. As generation, maintenance, and recurrence anxiety have an important interaction with interpretation bias, yet none proof was for existence bias in military personnel. Methods: 112 officers soldiers were recruited. Based on scores Trait-anxiety Inventory, participants divided in...

Abstract Social anxiety (SA) and depression have been associated with negative interpretation biases of social stimuli. Studies often assess these ambiguous faces, as people SA tend to interpret such faces negatively. However, the test–retest reliability this type task is unknown. Our objectives were develop a new bias analyse its properties in terms relation SA, depression, looming maladaptive...

It has been demonstrated that verbal context information alters the neural processing of ambiguous faces such as faces with no apparent facial expression. In social anxiety, neutral faces may be implicitly threatening for socially anxious individuals due to their ambiguous nature, but even more so if these neutral faces are put in self-referential negative contexts. Therefore, we measured event...

It has been suggested that social phobia may be characterized by two interpretation biases. First, a tendency to interpret ambiguous social events in a negative fashion. Second, a tendency to interpret unambiguous but mildly negative social events in a catastrophic fashion. To assess this possibility, patients with generalized social phobia, equally anxious patients with another anxiety disorde...

When observing point light walkers orthographically projected onto a frontoparallel plane, the direction in which they are walking is ambiguous. Nevertheless, observers more often perceive them as facing towards than away from them. This phenomenon known “facing-the-viewer bias” (FTV). Two interpretations of facing-the-viewer bias exist literature: top-down and bottom-up interpretation. Support...

Cognitive bias, the altered information processing resulting from the background emotional state of an individual, has been suggested as a promising new indicator of animal emotion. Comparable to anxious or depressed humans, animals in a putatively negative emotional state are more likely to judge an ambiguous stimulus as if it predicts a negative event, than those in positive states. The prese...

Cognitive theories of emotion posit that affective responses may be shaped by how individuals interpret emotion-eliciting situations. This study tested whether individual differences in interpretation bias (i.e., interpreting ambiguous scenarios in a more negative or positive manner) independently predict trait resilience and depression in medical interns. Interpretation bias and trait resilien...

A new wave of computerised therapy is under development which, rather than simulating talking therapies, uses bias modification techniques to target the core psychological process underlying anxiety. Such interventions are aimed at anxiety disorders, and are yet to be adapted for co-morbid anxiety in psychosis. The cognitive bias modification (CBM) paradigm delivers repeated exposure to stimuli...