This paper studies a model of strategic communication by an informed and upwardly biased sender to one or more receivers. Applications include situations in which (i) it is costly for the sender to misrepresent information, due to legal, technological, or moral constraints, or (ii) receivers may be credulous and blindly believe the sender’s recommendation. In contrast to the predictions obtaine...

In the cross-country literature, cognitive skills are robust predictors of economic growth. We investigate claims by psychologists that the same is true at the state level. In a variety of specifications using four proxies for average state IQ used in the psychology literature, little evidence is found for a robust IQ-growth relationship at the state level. We would like to acknowledge helpful ...

In this paper a symmetry based face detection technique is proposed. Here symmetry of the human face is used to quickly locate the human faces from an image. At first sobel edge detection operator is applied to get the edge image from the original image. In order to measure total number of symmetrical points present in an image window, a newly proposed point symmetry based distance is used. Kd-...

We study the process of equilibrium selection in games when players have "sophisticated" preferences of the type discussed, among others, by Rabin [16] and Segal and Sobel [17]. To this end, we employ standard noisy version of the best response dynamics. We obtain several results concerning some popular games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, the Battle of the Sexes and the Dictator Game. For exa...

Causal learning is a fundamental ability that enables human reasoners to learn about the complex interactions in the world around them. The available evidence with children and adults, however, suggests that the mechanism or set of mechanisms that underpins causal perception and causal reasoning are not well understood; that is, it is unclear whether causal perception and causal reasoning are u...

It is shown that the efficiency bound for communication equilibria identified by Goltsman, Hörner, Pavlov and Squintani [13] in the leading example of the Crawford-Sobel model can be obtained with strategy-correlated equilibria. Thus, unlike in earlier implementations of this bound, there is no need for communication to a mediator, for the sender’s message to the receiver to be garbled, or for ...

We compare three common dispute resolution processes – negotiation, mediation, and arbitration – in the framework of Crawford and Sobel [V. Crawford, J. Sobel, Strategic information transmission, Econometrica 50 (6) (1982) 1431–1451]. Under negotiation, the two parties engage in (possibly arbitrarily long) face-to-face cheap talk. Under mediation, the parties communicate with a neutral third pa...

There are typically multiple equilibrium outcomes in the Crawford-Sobel (CS) model of strategic information transmission. This paper identifies a simple condition on equilibrium payoffs, called NITS, that selects among CS equilibria. Under a commonly used regularity condition, only the equilibrium with the maximal number of induced actions satisfies NITS. We discuss various justifications for N...

In this paper we conduct laboratory experiments to test the Crawford and Sobel [Crawford, V., Sobel, J., 1982. Strategic information transmission. Econometrica 50, 1431–1451] theory of strategic information transmission. Our experimental results strongly support the basic insight of the theory, namely, that less information is transmitted when preferences of the sender and the receiver diverge....

In this paper, we present an empirical approach for rendering realistic watercolor effects in real-time. While watercolor being a versatile media, several characteristics of its effects have been categorized in the past. We describe an approach to recreate these effects using the Kubelka-Munk compositing model and the Sobel filter. Using modern per-pixel shading hardware, we present a method to...