The combination of snowfall, snow water equivalent (SWE), and precipitation rate measurements from 39 telemetry (SNOTEL) sites in Alaska were used to assess the performance various products satellites, reanalysis, rain gauges. Observation two years (2018–2019) a high-resolution radar/rain gauge data (Stage IV) product was also utilized give insights into scaling differences between products. ou...

The application of heated thin film gauges to the measurement of mean skin friction in compressible flow is described. It is shown that the calibration of the gauges is independent of Mach number, at least up to M = 3, provided the fluid properties are calculated at the appropriate film temperature. The gauges are calibrated by reference ~ surface tubes and also by comparison with the theoretic...

[1] Observations of snow water equivalent (SWE) in the Pacific Northwest are examined and compared with variability and trends in temperature and precipitation at nearby climate stations. At most locations, especially below about 1800 m, substantial declines in SWE coincide with significant increases in temperature, and occur in spite of increases in precipitation.

Linear covariant gauges, such as Feynman gauge, are very useful in perturbative calculations. Their nonperturbative formulation is, however, highly non-trivial. In particular, it is a challenge to define linear covariant gauges on a lattice. We consider a class of gauges in lattice gauge theory that coincides with the perturbative definition of linear covariant gauges in the formal continuum li...

During a one-year period, the variability of throughfall and the standard errors of the means associated with different gauge arrangements were studied in a lower montane rain forest in Puerto Rico. The following gauge arrangements were used: (1) 60 fixed gauges, (2) 30 fixed gauges, and (3) 30 roving gauges. Stemflow was measured on 22 trees of four different species. An ANOVA indicated that m...