BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have reported an association between major depression and smoking. This prospective study examines the role of depression in smoking progression and cessation, and the role of smoking in first-onset major depression. METHODS Data are from a 5-year longitudinal epidemiologic study of 1007 young adults. Incidence and odds ratios (ORs) are based on the prospectiv...

This transdisciplinary review of the literature addresses the questions, Do stress and negative affect (NA) promote smoking? and Does smoking genuinely relieve stress and NA? Drawing on both human and animal literatures, the authors examine these questions across three developmental stages of smoking--initiation, maintenance, and relapse. Methodological and conceptual distinctions relating to w...

background: the smokers who use supportive programs have a greater chance to quit smoking. smoking cessation recommendation is one of the most important prevention and treatment methods mentioned in care guidelines provided for patients with acute coronary syndrome. aim: the main objective of this study is to determine the effects of training-counseling programs on smoking cessation in patients...

BACKGROUND Smoking prevalence differs significantly across Europe. In addition, there are considerable differences in tobacco control activities across European countries. The relationship between prevalence and policy is under-researched. The present analysis examines the motivation to change smoking behaviour across 5 different European countries that differ considerably in their tobacco cont...

UNLABELLED Our objective was to compare the reticulocyte count and its subfractions in smoking and non-smoking women at different stages of normal pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN In 247 non-smoking and 123 smoking healthy pregnant women the reticulocyte count and its subfractions were compared at four different stages of pregnancy: 0-10, 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 weeks. Exclusion criteria were a diastol...

OBJECTIVES Identification of the causal impact of self-esteem on smoking stages faces seemingly insurmountable problems in observational data, where self-esteem is not manipulable by the researcher and cannot be assigned randomly. The aim of this study was to find out if weaker self-esteem in adolescence is a risk factor of cigarette smoking in a longitudinal study in Iran. METHODS In this lo...

OBJECTIVE To describe the costs of treating lung, laryngeal and esophageal cancer among patients with histories of smoking. METHODS A longitudinal non-concurrent study on three cohorts with histories of smoking at a specialized hospital was carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, between 2000 and 2006. The sample was composed of 127 cases of lung cancer, 80 of laryngea...

Background: Hookah, as a traditional method of smoking, is widely used in Iran, especially Bushehr province. It essential to identify the most important determinants modifying hookah smoking behavior. This study aimed investigate predictors stages change quitting 15-60-year-old individuals province, southern based on transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods: descriptive-analytical was conducted 11...

Despite a decrease in incidence, smoking remains the most serious public health problem worldwide. Identification of the factors contributing to changes in willingness to quit smoking may aid the development of strategies that encourage smoking cessation. Pooled cross-sectional data from 11,924 smokers from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II-V were analyzed. The stag...