Young camels were inoculated intradermally with either camelpox or smallpox virus and the courses of infection, including serological response, were compared. Camelpox virus was highly infectious; generalized disease resulted which was transmitted naturally to contact animals. Smallpox virus produced only transient lesions at the inoculation site and a less marked serological response. Neverthe...

Smallpox (variola) was a devastating disease with a high case-fatality rate. Although the disease was eradicated in 1977, the remaining stocks of smallpox virus constitute one of the most dangerous threats to humanity. The smallpox virus is highly specific for humans and non-pathogenic in animals. There is no antiviral treatment and a vaccine is active only if administered in the first four day...

If the definition of eliminating of a health disparity were signified by the absence of any differences in incidence or mortality between a population's experiences with a health problem, then the only health disparity that has ever been eliminated is smallpox because with zero cases of smallpox in the world, no health disparities exist because of smallpox. The eradication of smallpox is perhap...

BACKGROUND To counter the possibility of smallpox being used as a biological weapon, in 2002 the US government restarted a smallpox vaccination campaign. Myopericarditis is a possible cardiac complication of smallpox vaccination. We report 2 cases of vaccine-associated myopericarditis in military recruits who were treated at our facility. Chest pain, shortness of breath, and electrocardiographi...

Smallpox, when used as a biological weapon, presents a serious threat to civilian populations. Core components of the public health management of a terrorism attack using smallpox are: vaccination (ring vaccination and mass vaccination), adverse event monitoring, confirmed and suspected smallpox case management, contact management, identifying, tracing, monitoring contacts, and quarantine. Abov...

BACKGROUND Previous smallpox ring vaccination models based on contact tracing over a network suggest that ring vaccination would be effective, but have not explicitly included response logistics and limited numbers of vaccinators. METHODS We developed a continuous-time stochastic simulation of smallpox transmission, including network structure, post-exposure vaccination, vaccination of contac...

Since vaccination is critical in responding to smallpox exposure, vaccination strategies must be evaluated during bioterrorism preparedness. Information on historical factors, smallpox characteristics, public health capabilities and hypothetical attack scenarios was used to evaluate major vaccination strategies. In event of a smallpox attack, the optimal strategy is situational, mass vaccinatio...

* Emeritus Professor, National University of Singapore Senior Professorial Fellow, National University of Singapore Consultant Paediatrician, National University Hospital Consultant Paediatrician, Paediatric Clinic, Thomson Medical Centre Consultant, Thomson Prenatal Centre † Delivered at the 9th ASEAN Paediatric Federation Conference, 9 July 1998. From the time of recorded history of medicine,...