Context & Rationale Despite a probable net reduction in the overall population since independence, there has been a small increase in the number of Armenia’s farming households. Many of these are relatively new and inexperienced farmers with very limited access to capital and farm inputs. Agriculture is the primary employer and accounts for about 28% of the GDP. Yet with few exceptions i.e. som...

Attempts to increase food crop yields by intensifying agricultural systems using high inputs of nonrenewable resources and chemicals frequently lead to de-gradation of natural resources, whereas most technological innovations are not accessible for smallholders that represent the majority of farmers world wide. Alternatively, cocultures consisting of assemblages of plant and animal species can ...

This study attempts to investigate the impact of the working certification programs on the income of the coffee farms operated by the local smallholders at Dakha District, Kontum, Vietnam. Followed by the comparisons of the socio-demographic and economic characteristics between certified and non-certified farmers, the study adopts the Binary Probit model and linear regression model were applied...

The debate on smallholder commodification trajectories tends to be polarised between mainstream approaches that advocate tighter integration of smallholders into global value chains, and alternative favour localised markets the grounds these provide greater autonomy over production marketing, allow a share realised for producers wider community. This obscures interrelations possible synergies t...

Between the influence of multinational organizations and grass-roots culture, is agriculture as a reality. A case study of grass-roots agriculture (the developing world smallholder), through survey, interview, and participatory research, is developed to include the major external influence as indicated by rural, smallholding farmers of Kenya – the market. Multiple methods are utilized in the ca...

Mobile phone apps can be a cost-effective way to provide decision support farmers, and they the collection of agricultural data. The digitisation systems, efforts close digital divide include smallholders, make data ownership privacy issues more relevant than ever before. In Central South American countries, smallholders’ preferences regarding licenses sharing have largely been ignored, little ...

This chapter analyzes the technical efficiency of banana production among Ugandan smallholders by estimating a stochastic production frontier model with inefficiency effects. The empirical models are formulated within the overarching framework of the agricultural household specified in Chapter 2. The data design is also summarized in Chapter 2, although additional information about soil quality...

INTRODUCTION: More than two decades after the initiation of agricultural market reforms in eastern and southern Africa (ESA), governments in the region are increasingly using parastatal grain marketing boards (GMBs) and/or strategic grain reserves (SGRs) to directly influence the prices faced by farmers and consumers (Jayne Chapoto, and Govereh 2007). In Zambia, the government through the Food ...

To address intensifying social and environmental challenges, development policy must learn from inclusions exclusions of past discourses. We analyse Kenya's post-colonial agricultural discourse. Our analysis reveals a near-exclusive focus on the promotion modernisation based industrial farm inputs, bureaucratic state and/or ‘the liberalised market’. It was with this thrust to modernise that sma...

The transition from subsistence to commercial agriculture is key for economic growth. But what are the consequences for nutritional outcomes? The evidence to date has been scant and inconclusive. This study contributes to the debate by revisiting two prevailing wisdoms: (a) market participation by African smallholders remains low; and (b) the impact of commercialization on nutritional outcomes ...