We identified two classes of network oscillations with different frequency ranges in the tentacle ganglion (TG), the primary olfactory center of the terrestrial mollusk Limax marginatus, and investigated the responses of these oscillations to odor inputs. A recent study indicated that there are serotonergic terminals in the TG. We found that when serotonin was applied to the TG, the spontaneous...

Slow wave sleep (SWS) is associated with spontaneous brain oscillations that are thought to participate in sleep homeostasis and to support the processing of information related to the experiences of the previous awake period. At the cellular level, during SWS, a slow oscillation (<1 Hz) synchronizes firing patterns in large neuronal populations and is reflected on electroencephalography (EEG) ...

High-frequency oscillations in cortical networks have been linked to a variety of cognitive and perceptual processes. They have also been recorded in small cortical slices in vitro, indicating that neuronal synchronization at these frequencies is generated in the local cortical circuit. However, in vitro experiments have hitherto necessitated exogenous pharmacological or electrical stimulation ...

1. The patterns and synchronization of low-frequency, sleeplike rhythms (slow, spindle and delta oscillations) were compared in the intact-cortex and decorticated hemispheres of cats under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. Intracellular recordings were performed in intact and decorticated hemispheres from 58 rostrolateral thalamic reticular (RE) neurons and from 164 thalamocortical (TC) neurons in ...

The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm is a defining feature of the electroencephalogram during sleep. Since cortical circuits can generate this rhythm in isolation, it is assumed that the accompanying slow oscillation in thalamocortical (TC) neurons is largely a passive reflection of neocortical activity. Here we show, however, that by activating the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR), mGluR1a, cortical...

The application of auditory clicks during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep phase-locked to the up state of the slow oscillation (closed-loop stimulation) has previously been shown to enhance the consolidation of declarative memories. We designed and applied sequences of three clicks during deep NREM sleep to achieve a quasi-phase-dependent open-loop stimulation. This stimulation was successf...

Dual intracellular recordings in vivo were used to disclose relationships between cortical neurons and glia during spontaneous slow (<1 Hz) sleep oscillations and spike-wave (SW) seizures in cat. Glial cells displayed a slow membrane potential oscillation (<1 Hz), in close synchrony with cortical neurons. In glia, each cycle of this oscillation was made of a round depolarizing potential of 1.5-...

During much of sleep, virtually all cortical neurons undergo a slow oscillation (<1 Hz) in membrane potential, cycling from a hyperpolarized state of silence to a depolarized state of intense firing. This slow oscillation is the fundamental cellular phenomenon that organizes other sleep rhythms such as spindles and slow waves. Using high-density electroencephalogram recordings in humans, we sho...